Low-Voltage Low-Power CMOS Current Conveyors

Abstract. 1: Introduction. 1.1. The current mode approach: brief history of current conveyors. 1.2. The second generation current conveyor (CCII) as building block. 2: Design of CCII topologies. 2.1. CCII ideal and real characteristics and equivalent models. 2.2. CCII topologies: circuit schemes and electrical characteristics. 2.3. The CCII: state of the art and future trend. 3: CCII low voltage low power design and characteristics. 3.1. Design techniques for low voltage low power (LV LP). 3.2. Low voltage low power CCIIs. 3.4. Offset in current conveyors. 3.5. Noise in current conveyors. 4: Evolution of LV LP CCII basic building block. 4.1. Improvements of the basic CCII. 4.2. Towards the differential solutions. 5: LV LP CCII applications. 5.1. Basic applications. 5.2. Impedance simulators. 5.3. CCII-based filters. 5.4. Oscillators. 5.5. CCII applications. Appendix A. Appendix B. Appendix C.