Herpes simplex virus type II is not a cofactor to human papillomavirus in cancer of the uterine cervix.

OBJECTIVE Cells that were cotransfected with herpes simplex virus-16 and the herpes simplex virus type 2 Xho -2 DNA induce tumors in nude mice. In a cross-sectional study, we investigated the role of herpes simplex virus type 2 as a cofactor to human papillomavirus in cervical cancer. STUDY DESIGN Cervical cells that were obtained with an endocervical Cytobrush brush (Medscand) from 439 women (50 women with cancer lesions, 65 women with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions, 80 women with low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions, 244 healthy subjects) and DNA that was extracted from 150 cervical cancer biopsy specimens were analyzed with polymerase chain reaction for herpes simplex virus type 2 Xho -2 and Bgl IIC transforming DNA sequences. RESULTS All 439 cervical samples and 150 cervical cancer biopsy specimens tested negative for herpes simplex virus type 2 Xho -2 and Bgl IIC DNA by polymerase chain reaction. Overall, none of 200 samples (0%) from women with invasive cervical cancer contained herpes simplex virus type 2 Xho -2 or Bgl IIC DNA (95% CI, 0.0-1.8). CONCLUSION Although herpes simplex virus type 2 Bgl IIN transforms epithelial cells in vitro, it was not detected in cervical cancer specimens.

[1]  P. Saikku,et al.  Serotypes of Chlamydia trachomatis and risk for development of cervical squamous cell carcinoma. , 2001, JAMA.

[2]  W. Li,et al.  Association of human β-herpesviruses with the development of cervical cancer: bystanders or cofactors , 2001, Journal of clinical pathology.

[3]  W. Pickworth,et al.  The cause of invasive cervical cancer could be multifactorial. , 2000, Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie.

[4]  David R. Scott,et al.  Improved Amplification of Genital Human Papillomaviruses , 2000, Journal of Clinical Microbiology.

[5]  Joshua R. Smith,et al.  Infection and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. , 1999, International journal of gynecological cancer : official journal of the International Gynecological Cancer Society.

[6]  M. Lehtinen,et al.  Interactions between human papillomavirus and other sexually transmitted agents in the etiology of cervical cancer. , 1999, Current opinion in infectious diseases.

[7]  C. Woodworth,et al.  Relationship of stable integration of herpes simplex virus‐2 BglII N subfragmentXho2 to malignant transformation of human papillomavirus‐immortalized cervical keratinocytes , 1998, International journal of cancer.

[8]  J. Dillner,et al.  Herpes simplex virus and human papillomavirus in a population‐based case‐control study of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade II‐III , 1998, APMIS : acta pathologica, microbiologica, et immunologica Scandinavica.

[9]  J. Zeh,et al.  Frequent genital herpes simplex virus 2 shedding in immunocompetent women. Effect of acyclovir treatment. , 1997, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[10]  C. Woodworth,et al.  Papillomaviruses and potential copathogens. , 1996, Toxicology letters.

[11]  G. Guibinga,et al.  Detection of a transforming fragment of herpes simplex virus type 2 in clinical specimens by PCR. The Canadian Women's HIV Study Group , 1996, Journal of clinical microbiology.

[12]  S. Schwartz,et al.  The relationship of human papillomavirus-related cervical tumors to cigarette smoking, oral contraceptive use, and prior herpes simplex virus type 2 infection. , 1996, Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology.

[13]  J. Baldauf,et al.  A PCR study on the coexistence of herpes simplex virus, cytomegalovirus and human papillomavirus DNAs in cervical neoplasia , 1996, International Journal of Gynecologic Cancer.

[14]  C. Jones,et al.  Cervical cancer: is herpes simplex virus type II a cofactor? , 1995, Clinical microbiology reviews.

[15]  D. Spandidos,et al.  Association of herpesvirus infection with the development of genital cancer , 1995, International journal of cancer.

[16]  A. Vecchione,et al.  p53 expression and genetic evidence for viral infection in intraepithelial neoplasia of the uterine cervix. , 1994, Gynecologic oncology.

[17]  W. Chantratita,et al.  Detection of herpes simplex virus type 2 Bgl II N fragment in paraffin-embedded cervical tissue sections using nested polymerase chain reaction. , 1994, Molecular and cellular probes.

[18]  J. McDougall.  Cofactors in the progression of HPV-associated tumors. , 1994, Antibiotics and chemotherapy.

[19]  M. Boon,et al.  Detection of the BC 24 transforming fragment of the herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV‐2) DNA in cervical carcinoma tissue by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) , 1994, APMIS : acta pathologica, microbiologica, et immunologica Scandinavica.

[20]  C. Jones,et al.  Characterization of human keratinocytes transformed by high risk human papillomavirus types 16 or 18 and herpes simplex virus type 2. , 1993, The Journal of general virology.

[21]  J. Underwood.  Diagnostic Molecular Pathology. A Practical Approach , 1993 .

[22]  Moyses Szklo,et al.  Herpes simplex virus type 2: A possible interaction with human papillomavirus types 16/18 in the development of invasive cervical cancer , 1991, International journal of cancer.

[23]  P. Monini,et al.  Search for human papillomavirus, herpes simplex virus and c‐myc oncogene in human genital tumors , 1989, International journal of cancer.

[24]  Y. Langelier,et al.  Transformation of NIH 3T3 cells by herpes simplex type 2 BglII n fragment and sub-fragments is independent from induction of mutation at the HPRT locus. , 1989, Biochemical and biophysical research communications.

[25]  F. Rilke,et al.  Simultaneous presence of herpes simplex and human papilloma virus sequences in human genital tumors , 1987, International journal of cancer.

[26]  R. Peto,et al.  Viral Etiology of Cervical Cancer , 1986 .

[27]  A. Kessous-Elbaz,et al.  Retention of herpes simplex virus type II sequences in bglII n‐transformed cells after co‐transfection with a selectable marker. , 1985, The EMBO journal.

[28]  K. Verma,et al.  Correlation of histologic types of carcinoma of the uterine cervix and human papillomavirus and herpes simplex virus type 2 DNA sequences in the uterine cervical biopsies , 2005, Archives of Virology.

[29]  T. Bjørge,et al.  Chlamydia trachomatis infection as a risk factor for invasive cervical cancer , 2000, International journal of cancer.