Modeling of an Automotive Exhaust Gas Converter at Low Temperatures Aiming at Control Application

The LEV/ULEV emission standards pose challenging problems on automotive exhaust gas treatment. This increases the need for good catalytic converter models, which can be applied for control. A dynamic converter model was made on the basis of first principles, accounting for the accumulation of mass in the bulk gas phase, in pores of the washcoat and on the catalytic surface, as well as for the energy accumulation in the gas and solid phase. The basis for the model is the elementary step kinetics of the individual global reactions. The main purpose of the model is to describe the low temperature behavior of the converter, when the majority of the emissions occur. The light-off process is analyzed in detail with different inputs. The biggest improvement occurs when secondary air is injected in front of the converter. The converter model is also coupled with a simple SI engine model to investigate the dynamic behavior of the whole system.

[1]  Anastassios M. Stamatelos,et al.  Transient Modeling of 3-Way Catalytic Converters , 1994 .

[3]  Gbmm Guy Marin,et al.  Simulation of a catalytic converter of automotive exhaust gas under dynamic conditions , 1997 .

[4]  Scott C. Williams,et al.  Modeling current generation catalytic converters: laboratory experiments and kinetic parameter optimization. Steady state kinetics , 1992 .

[5]  Kathleen C. Taylor,et al.  Behavior of automobile exhaust catalysts with cycled feedstreams , 1983 .

[6]  N. Narasimhamurthi,et al.  A Descriptive Bibliography of SI Engine Modeling and Control , 1995 .

[7]  Gbmm Guy Marin,et al.  Development of a transient kinetic model for the CO oxidation by O2 over a Pt/Rh/CeO2/γ-Al2O3 three-way catalyst , 1998 .

[8]  Sergio Tagliaferri,et al.  Behavior of Non-Promoted and Ceria-Promoted Pt/Rh and Pd/Rh Three-Way Catalysts under Steady State and Dynamic Operation of Hybrid Vehicles , 1999 .

[9]  Elbert Hendricks,et al.  Mean Value Modelling of Spark Ignition Engines , 1990 .

[10]  Anastassios M. Stamatelos,et al.  Development and application range of mathematical models for 3-way catalytic converters , 1997 .

[11]  H. Geering,et al.  Model Identification for the A/F Path of an SI Engine , 1997 .

[12]  R. Sant,et al.  Transient studies and kinetic modeling of ethylene oxidation on Pt/SiO2 , 1989 .

[13]  Gbmm Guy Marin,et al.  Competing reactions in three-way catalytic converters : modelling of the NOx conversion maximum in the light-off curves under net oxidising conditions , 2000 .

[14]  Daniel Durand,et al.  Inhibition of post-combustion catalysts by alkynes: A clue for understanding their behaviour under real exhaust conditions , 1995 .

[15]  Gbmm Guy Marin,et al.  The effects of oscillatory feeding of CO and O2 on the performance of a monolithic catalytic converter of automobile exhaust gas: a modelling study , 1993 .

[16]  Chen-Fang Chang,et al.  Observer-based air fuel ratio control , 1998 .

[17]  D. W. Goodman,et al.  Comparative kinetic studies of CO$z.sbnd;O2 and CO$z.sbnd;NO reactions over single crystal and supported rhodium catalysts , 1986 .

[18]  Lino Guzzella,et al.  Models and Modelbased Control of IC-Engines- A Nonlinear Approach , 1995 .

[19]  H. Geering,et al.  INDIRECT ADAPTIVE CONTROL OF A THREE-WAY CATALYST , 1996 .

[20]  G. Taylor.  Dispersion of soluble matter in solvent flowing slowly through a tube , 1953, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A. Mathematical and Physical Sciences.

[21]  Hans P. Geering,et al.  Model-Based Adaptive Fuel Control in an SI Engine , 1994 .

[22]  Ryoji Nishiyama,et al.  Development of an Effective Air-Injection System with Heated Air for LEV/ULEV , 1995 .

[23]  Eric Warren Curtis,et al.  A New Port and Cylinder Wall Wetting Model to Predict Transient Air/Fuel Excursions in a Port Fuel Injected Engine , 1996 .

[24]  D. W. Goodman,et al.  Comparative Kinetic Studies of CO-O2 and CO-NO Reactions Over Single Crystal and Supported Rhodium Catalysts. , 1986 .

[25]  Elbert Hendricks,et al.  Modelling of the Intake Manifold Filling Dynamics , 1996 .

[26]  Sören Eriksson,et al.  A Study of Air to Fuel Transient Response and Compensation with Different Fuels , 1994 .

[27]  James C. Cavendish,et al.  Transients of monolithic catalytic converters. Response to step changes in feedstream temperature as related to controlling automobile emissions , 1982 .

[28]  C. F. Aquino.  Transient A/F Control Characteristics of the 5 Liter Central Fuel Injection Engine , 1981 .

[29]  Wolfgang Zahn,et al.  Secondary Air Injection with a New Developed Electrical Blower for Reduced Exhaust Emissions , 1994 .

[30]  R. Impens,et al.  Automotive Traffic Risks for the Environment , 1987 .

[31]  E.J.P. Rutten,et al.  Mean value modeling of spark ignition engines , 1993 .

[32]  P. L. Silveston,et al.  Automotive exhaust catalysis under periodic operation , 1995 .

[33]  Donn Glander,et al.  Mathematical Modeling of Electrically Heated Monolith Converters: Meeting European Emissions Regulations Proposed for 2000 and 2005 , 1997 .