A review of research on laminar mixed convection flow over backward- and forward-facing steps

Abstract This paper presents a comprehensive review of the flow and heat transfer results of single-phase laminar mixed convection flow over vertical, horizontal and inclined backward- and forward-facing steps that have been reported in several studies in the open literature. The purpose of this paper is to give a detailed summary of the effect of several parameters such as step height, Reynolds number, Prandtl number, inclination angle, expansion ratio, temperature difference between the heated wall and the free stream, and buoyancy force (assisting and opposing) on the flow and thermal fields downstream of the step. Several correlation equations that were reported in many of these studies to predict the reattachment lengths of the recirculation regions that may develop upstream and/or downstream of the step are also summarized in this review.

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