Effect of impingement angle on the outcome of single water drop impact onto a plane water surface

Experiments of single water drop impact onto a plane water surface were carried out to investigate the effect of impingement angle on the total mass of secondary drops produced during the collision. When the impingement angle (the angle between the velocity vector of primary drop and the normal vector to water surface) was less than 50°, an increase in the impingement angle led to a remarkable increase in the total mass of secondary drops; this could be attributed to a significant increase in the secondary drop size. However, no secondary drop was observed within the experimental ranges tested when the impingement angle exceeded 70°.

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