Phase 1 trial of transforming growth factor beta 2 in chronic progressive MS

Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β2 is a pleiotropic cytokine associated with remissions in multiple sclerosis (MS) and amelioration of allergic encephalomyelitis. We assessed the safety of TGF-β2 in an open-label trial of 11 patients with secondary progressive (SP) MS. Five patients had a reversible decline in the glomerular filtration rate. There was no change in expanded disability status scale or MRI lesions during treatment. Systemic TGF-β2 may be associated with reversible nephrotoxicity, and further investigation of its therapeutic potential in MS should be performed with caution.