Source (or Part of the following Source): Type Article Title Unconscious Errors Enhance Prefrontal-occipital Oscillatory Synchrony Author(s) Human Neuroscience

Copyright It is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content licence (like Creative Commons). UvA-DARE is a service provided by the library of the University of Amsterdam (http://dare.uva.nl) we examined whether long-range neurophysiological oscillatory synchrony is a plausible mechanism by which the MFC engages top-down control over sensory processing following errors. The adaptive change in cognitive control that occurs after errors has traditionally been conceptualized as an effortful process, requiring conscious awareness that an error was made or negative performance feedback was given. However, conscious awareness may not be necessary for all aspects of cognitive control. Indeed, non-consciously perceived confl ict or error signals modulate activity in the motor system (Dehaene et al. of high-level cognitive control, such as response inhibition and task-switching, may also occur in absence of conscious awareness (Lau and Passingham, 2007; van Gaal et al., 2008). However, such unconscious processes are thought to be ephemeral, lasting only a few hundred milliseconds (Greenwald et al. The extent to which unconsciously made errors can engage top-down control remains unknown. We recorded EEG from human subjects while they performed a visually signaled Go/No-Go task, in which one half of the No-Go cues were presented in a way that evaded conscious awareness. We examined oscillatory phase synchrony – a measure of frequency-band specifi c functional connectivity – between the MFC and occipital cortex (OCC) on correctly responded Go trials that followed conscious errors, unconscious errors, or other correct