Novel dispersed plug flow model for UASB reactors focusing on sludge dynamics

.. between dispersion, sedimentation and convection using one-dimensional (with regard to reactor height) ,: equations. A univers~l description of ??th the hydrod~amics and sludge dynamics w~s elaborated by applYIng known physIcal laws and emplTlcal relations denved from expenmental observations. In addition, ! the developed model includes (i) multiple-reaction stoichiometry, (ii) microbial growth kinetics, (iii) j equil~brium chemis~ in the liquid phase, (iv) major solid-liquid-gas interactions, and (v) material balances