Solar cell efficiency tables (version 21)

Consolidated tables showing an extensive listing of the highest independently confirmed efficiencies for solar cells and modules are presented. Guidelines for inclusion of results into these tables are outlined and new entries since July, 2002 are reviewed. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

[1]  G. F. Virshup,et al.  A 31%-efficient GaAs/silicon mechanically stacked, multijunction concentrator solar cell , 1988, Conference Record of the Twentieth IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference.

[2]  V. S. Sundaram,et al.  Over 35% efficient GaAs/GaSb stacked concentrator cell assemblies for terrestrial applications , 1990, IEEE Conference on Photovoltaic Specialists.

[3]  C. J. Keavney,et al.  Emitter structures in MOCVD InP solar cells , 1990, IEEE Conference on Photovoltaic Specialists.

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[6]  V. Haven,et al.  High-efficiency concentrator cells from GaAs on Si , 1991, The Conference Record of the Twenty-Second IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference - 1991.

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[9]  Subhendu Guha,et al.  Progress in triple-junction amorphous silicon-based alloy solar cells and modules using hydrogen dilution , 1994, Proceedings of 1994 IEEE 1st World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion - WCPEC (A Joint Conference of PVSC, PVSEC and PSEC).

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[11]  Daniel J. Friedman,et al.  Accelerated publication 30.2% efficient GaInP/GaAs monolithic two‐terminal tandem concentrator cell , 1995 .

[12]  Martin A. Green,et al.  Large area, concentrator buried contact solar cells , 1995 .

[13]  H. Field,et al.  18.2% (AM1.5) efficient GaAs solar cell on optical-grade polycrystalline Ge substrate , 1996, Conference Record of the Twenty Fifth IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference - 1996.

[14]  M. Green,et al.  20 000 PERL silicon cells for the ‘1996 World Solar Challenge’ solar car race , 1997 .

[15]  S. Guha,et al.  Recent progress in amorphous silicon alloy leading to 13% stable cell efficiency , 1997, Conference Record of the Twenty Sixth IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference - 1997.

[16]  M. Green,et al.  19.8% efficient “honeycomb” textured multicrystalline and 24.4% monocrystalline silicon solar cells , 1998 .

[17]  Rommel Noufi,et al.  Progress toward 20% efficiency in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 polycrystalline thin‐film solar cells , 1999 .

[18]  Kenji Yamamoto,et al.  Thin-film poly-Si solar cells on glass substrate fabricated at low temperature , 1999 .

[19]  M. Green,et al.  24·5% Efficiency silicon PERT cells on MCZ substrates and 24·7% efficiency PERL cells on FZ substrates , 1999 .

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[21]  Michael Grätzel,et al.  Perspectives for dye‐sensitized nanocrystalline solar cells , 2000 .

[22]  K. Emery,et al.  Triple-junction solar cell efficiencies above 32%: the promise and challenges of their application in high-conceniration-ratio PV systems , 2000, Conference Record of the Twenty-Eighth IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference - 2000 (Cat. No.00CH37036).

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[24]  Gerald Siefer,et al.  DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH-EFFICIENCY MECHANICALLY STACKED GaInP/GaInAs-GaSb TRIPLE- JUNCTION CONCENTRATOR SOLAR CELLS , 2001 .

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[26]  Large area multicrystalline silicon buried contact solar cells with bulk passivation and an efficiency of 17.5% , 2002, Conference Record of the Twenty-Ninth IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference, 2002..

[27]  Ralf B. Bergmann,et al.  Advances in monocrystalline Si thin film solar cells by layer transfer , 2002 .

[28]  Paul A. Basore,et al.  Pilot production of thin-film crystalline silicon on glass modules , 2002, Conference Record of the Twenty-Ninth IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference, 2002..