Mesoporous silica nanoparticles: A multifunctional nano therapeutic system.

Efficient and safe drug delivery has always been a challenge in medicine. The use of nanotechnology, such as the development of nano drug delivery systems (DDS), has received great attention with high enthusiasm owing to the potential that nanocarriers can theoretically act as "magic bullets" and selectively target affected organs and cells while sparing normal tissues. The family of nano DDS includes conventional nano drug delivery materials such as lipids and polymers that have been scaled to the nanometer size range. With the rapid development of synthesis and characterization techniques for engineered nanomaterials, new DDS platforms have emerged, including inorganic based nanocarriers, such as mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNP). MSNP are able to act as a multifunctional delivery platform that is capable of delivering therapeutic elements to a variety of disease models (especially cancer) at cellular and in vivo levels. Furthermore, MSNP have shown to be exceptional delivery platforms capable of protectively packaging hydrophobic and hydrophilic drug molecules as well as other therapeutic elements for controlled on-demand delivery. In addition, MSNP have demonstrated the capability to image the delivery site for theranostic purposes. These functionalities have led to the development of MSNP as novel multifunctional nanocarriers, and therefore provide them with unique advantages compared to other nanocarriers.

[1]  Yaping Li,et al.  In vivo biodistribution and urinary excretion of mesoporous silica nanoparticles: effects of particle size and PEGylation. , 2011, Small.

[2]  Zongxi Li,et al.  Engineered design of mesoporous silica nanoparticles to deliver doxorubicin and P-glycoprotein siRNA to overcome drug resistance in a cancer cell line. , 2010, ACS nano.

[3]  Dong Chen,et al.  The effect of the shape of mesoporous silica nanoparticles on cellular uptake and cell function. , 2010, Biomaterials.

[4]  Omid C Farokhzad,et al.  Targeted polymeric therapeutic nanoparticles: design, development and clinical translation. , 2012, Chemical Society reviews.

[5]  Hung-Ting Chen,et al.  Synthesis and functionalization of a mesoporous silica nanoparticle based on the sol-gel process and applications in controlled release. , 2007, Accounts of chemical research.

[6]  Juan L. Vivero-Escoto,et al.  Mesoporous silica nanoparticles as controlled release drug delivery and gene transfection carriers. , 2008, Advanced drug delivery reviews.

[7]  Bradley F. Chmelka,et al.  Direct Syntheses of Ordered SBA-15 Mesoporous Silica Containing Sulfonic Acid Groups , 2000 .

[8]  Lawrence Tamarkin,et al.  Phase I and Pharmacokinetic Studies of CYT-6091, a Novel PEGylated Colloidal Gold-rhTNF Nanomedicine , 2010, Clinical Cancer Research.

[9]  C. Jeffrey Brinker,et al.  Porous nanoparticle supported lipid bilayers (protocells) as delivery vehicles. , 2009, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[10]  Marilena Loizidou,et al.  Liposomes and nanoparticles: nanosized vehicles for drug delivery in cancer. , 2009, Trends in pharmacological sciences.

[11]  M Ferrari,et al.  Size and shape effects in the biodistribution of intravascularly injected particles. , 2010, Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society.

[12]  N. Khlebtsov,et al.  Gold nanoparticles in biomedical applications: recent advances and perspectives. , 2012, Chemical Society reviews.

[13]  Wenbin Lin,et al.  Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles with Co-Condensed Gadolinium Chelates for Multimodal Imaging , 2011, Nanomaterials.

[14]  C. Brinker,et al.  Aerosol fabrication of hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles and encapsulation of L-methionine as a candidate drug cargo. , 2010, Chemical communications.

[15]  Xiaohu Gao,et al.  Emerging application of quantum dots for drug delivery and therapy. , 2008, Expert opinion on drug delivery.

[16]  A. Stein,et al.  Comparative Studies of Grafting and Direct Syntheses of Inorganic−Organic Hybrid Mesoporous Materials , 1999 .

[17]  Pedro M. Valencia,et al.  Targeted Polymeric Therapeutic Nanoparticles: Design, Development and Clinical Translation , 2012 .

[18]  Ji-Xin Cheng,et al.  Gold Nanorods as Contrast Agents for Biological Imaging: Optical Properties, Surface Conjugation and Photothermal Effects † , 2009, Photochemistry and photobiology.

[19]  A. Seifalian,et al.  A new era of cancer treatment: carbon nanotubes as drug delivery tools , 2011, International journal of nanomedicine.

[20]  Ivan H. El-Sayed,et al.  Nanotechnology in Head and Neck Cancer: The Race Is On , 2010, Current oncology reports.

[21]  Nanoparticle preconditioning for enhanced thermal therapies in cancer. , 2011, Nanomedicine.

[22]  Vladimir R Muzykantov,et al.  Polymeric carriers: role of geometry in drug delivery. , 2008, Expert opinion on drug delivery.

[23]  Linlin Li,et al.  Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Biocompatibility and Drug Delivery , 2012, Advanced materials.

[24]  J. Fraser Stoddart,et al.  Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles in Biomedical Applications , 2012 .

[25]  Tian Xia,et al.  Use of size and a copolymer design feature to improve the biodistribution and the enhanced permeability and retention effect of doxorubicin-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles in a murine xenograft tumor model. , 2011, ACS nano.

[26]  Linlin Li,et al.  Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Biocompatibility and Drug Delivery , 2012, Advanced materials.

[27]  Saji George,et al.  Polyethyleneimine coating enhances the cellular uptake of mesoporous silica nanoparticles and allows safe delivery of siRNA and DNA constructs. , 2009, ACS nano.

[28]  Xiaohu Gao,et al.  Emerging application of quantum dots for drug delivery and therapy , 2008 .

[29]  D. D. Stark,et al.  Iron oxide-enhanced MR imaging of the liver and spleen: review of the first 5 years. , 1990, AJR. American journal of roentgenology.

[30]  J. Fraser Stoddart,et al.  Noninvasive remote-controlled release of drug molecules in vitro using magnetic actuation of mechanized nanoparticles. , 2010, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[31]  P. Cullis,et al.  Developments in liposomal drug delivery systems , 2001, Expert opinion on biological therapy.

[32]  W. Stöber,et al.  Controlled growth of monodisperse silica spheres in the micron size range , 1968 .

[33]  Yuen A. Lau,et al.  Mechanised nanoparticles for drug delivery. , 2009, Nanoscale.

[34]  Dong Chen,et al.  The shape effect of mesoporous silica nanoparticles on biodistribution, clearance, and biocompatibility in vivo. , 2011, ACS nano.

[35]  Jeffrey I. Zink,et al.  Multifunctional inorganic nanoparticles for imaging, targeting, and drug delivery , 2010, BiOS.

[36]  C. Haynes,et al.  Synthesis and Characterization of Biocompatible and Size-Tunable Multifunctional Porous Silica Nanoparticles , 2009 .

[37]  Min Zhang,et al.  Co-delivery of doxorubicin and Bcl-2 siRNA by mesoporous silica nanoparticles enhances the efficacy of chemotherapy in multidrug-resistant cancer cells. , 2009, Small.

[38]  Zongxi Li,et al.  Aspect ratio determines the quantity of mesoporous silica nanoparticle uptake by a small GTPase-dependent macropinocytosis mechanism. , 2011, ACS nano.

[39]  Taeghwan Hyeon,et al.  Multifunctional uniform nanoparticles composed of a magnetite nanocrystal core and a mesoporous silica shell for magnetic resonance and fluorescence imaging and for drug delivery. , 2008, Angewandte Chemie.

[40]  Y. Hung,et al.  Monoclonal antibody-functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) for selective targeting breast cancer cells , 2009 .

[41]  Efstathios Karathanasis,et al.  The effects of particle size, density and shape on margination of nanoparticles in microcirculation , 2011, Nanotechnology.

[42]  Mark E. Davis,et al.  Nanoparticle therapeutics: an emerging treatment modality for cancer , 2008, Nature Reviews Drug Discovery.

[43]  Yechezkel Barenholz,et al.  Liposome application: problems and prospects , 2001 .

[44]  Taeghwan Hyeon,et al.  Multifunctional mesoporous silica nanocomposite nanoparticles for theranostic applications. , 2011, Accounts of chemical research.

[45]  Mauro Ferrari,et al.  The margination propensity of spherical particles for vascular targeting in the microcirculation , 2008, Journal of nanobiotechnology.

[46]  Thomas D. Dziubla,et al.  Polymeric carriers: role of geometry in drug delivery , 2008, Expert opinion on drug delivery.

[47]  Kemin Wang,et al.  In vivo study of biodistribution and urinary excretion of surface-modified silica nanoparticles. , 2008, Analytical chemistry.

[48]  V. Dhanak,et al.  Carbon Nanotubes in Cancer Therapy and Drug Delivery , 2011, Journal of drug delivery.

[49]  J. F. Stoddart,et al.  Autonomous in vitro anticancer drug release from mesoporous silica nanoparticles by pH-sensitive nanovalves. , 2010, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[50]  S. Bhattarai,et al.  Enhanced Gene and siRNA Delivery by Polycation-Modified Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles Loaded with Chloroquine , 2010, Pharmaceutical Research.

[51]  J. James,et al.  A Review of Carbon Nanotube Toxicity and Assessment of Potential Occupational and Environmental Health Risks , 2006, Critical reviews in toxicology.

[52]  Zongxi Li,et al.  Biocompatibility, biodistribution, and drug-delivery efficiency of mesoporous silica nanoparticles for cancer therapy in animals. , 2010, Small.

[53]  S. Wise.  Nanocarriers as an emerging platform for cancer therapy , 2007 .

[54]  C. C. Landry,et al.  Adsorption of DNA into mesoporous silica. , 2006, The journal of physical chemistry. B.

[55]  Catherine J. Murphy,et al.  Toxicity and cellular uptake of gold nanoparticles: what we have learned so far? , 2010, Journal of nanoparticle research : an interdisciplinary forum for nanoscale science and technology.

[56]  Rui Hu,et al.  A pilot study in non-human primates shows no adverse response to intravenous injection of quantum dots. , 2012, Nature nanotechnology.

[57]  Jennifer L West,et al.  Nanoparticles for thermal cancer therapy. , 2009, Journal of biomechanical engineering.

[58]  Zongxi Li,et al.  Mesoporous silica nanoparticles in biomedical applications. , 2012, Chemical Society reviews.

[59]  Victor S-Y Lin,et al.  Mesoporous silica nanoparticle based controlled release, drug delivery, and biosensor systems. , 2007, Chemical communications.

[60]  Aibing Yu,et al.  Inorganic nanoparticles as carriers for efficient cellular delivery , 2006 .

[61]  Jing Wang,et al.  Mesoporous Silica‐Coated Gold Nanorods as a Light‐Mediated Multifunctional Theranostic Platform for Cancer Treatment , 2012, Advanced materials.