Evaluating methods to quantify anthropogenic stressors on wild animals

[1]  Chris T. Tromborg,et al.  Sources of stress in captivity , 2007 .

[2]  A. J. Woakes,et al.  Implantable data logging system for heart rate and body temperature: its application to the estimation of field metabolic rates in Antarctic predators , 1995, Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing.

[3]  N. Tinbergen.  On aims and methods of Ethology , 2010 .

[4]  Patrick A. Zollner,et al.  Inter‐specific variation in avian responses to human disturbance , 2005 .

[5]  D. Blumstein,et al.  Sensitivity of wildlife to spatial patterns of recreationist behavior: A critical assessment of minimum approaching distances and buffer areas for grassland birds , 2005 .

[6]  D. Blumstein,et al.  Does intruder group size and orientation affect flight initiation distance in birds? , 2005, Animal Biodiversity and Conservation.

[7]  D. Blumstein,et al.  DO INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES INFLUENCE FLIGHT INITIATION DISTANCE? , 2004 .

[8]  M. Wikelski,et al.  Exposure to ecotourism reduces survival and affects stress response in hoatzin chicks (Opisthocomus hoazin) , 2004 .

[9]  K. Norris,et al.  Managing threatened species: the ecological toolbox, evolutionary theory and declining-population paradigm , 2004 .

[10]  A. Møller,et al.  Immune response and survival , 2004 .

[11]  Rory P. Wilson,et al.  People in Antarctica — how much do Adélie Penguins Pygoscelis adeliae care? , 1991, Polar Biology.

[12]  A. Janetos.  Strategies of female mate choice: A theoretical analysis , 1980, Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology.

[13]  R. Handsworth,et al.  MEASURING RESTING HEART RATES IN PENGUINS USING AN ARTIFICIAL EGG , 2004 .

[14]  D. Blumstein.  Flight-initiation distance in birds is dependent on intruder starting distance , 2003 .

[15]  D. Blumstein,et al.  Do fences protect birds from human disturbance , 2003 .

[16]  D. Blumstein,et al.  Testing a key assumption of wildlife buffer zones: is flight initiation distance a species-specific trait? , 2003 .

[17]  Lynn B. Martin,et al.  Immune activity elevates energy expenditure of house sparrows: a link between direct and indirect costs? , 2003, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences.

[18]  M. Wikelski,et al.  Exposure to tourism reduces stress-induced corticosterone levels in Galápagos marine iguanas , 2002 .

[19]  L. Romero.  Seasonal changes in plasma glucocorticoid concentrations in free-living vertebrates. , 2002, General and comparative endocrinology.

[20]  Amanda R. Hardy,et al.  Snowmobile Activity and Glucocorticoid Stress Responses in Wolves and Elk , 2002 .

[21]  J. Speakman,et al.  Living fast, dying when? The link between aging and energetics. , 2002, The Journal of nutrition.

[22]  R. Ricklefs,et al.  Is cell–mediated immunity related to the evolution of life-history strategies in birds? , 2002, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences.

[23]  A. Frid,et al.  Synthesis Human-caused Disturbance Stimuli as a Form of Predation Risk , 2002 .

[24]  David E. Capen,et al.  Roads as edges: Effects on birds in forested landscapes , 2002 .

[25]  Patrick J. Butler,et al.  EFFECTS OF DATA-LOGGERS IMPLANTED FOR A FULL YEAR IN FEMALE COMMON EIDERS , 2002 .

[26]  Stefan Van Dongen,et al.  Fluctuating Asymmetry as an Early Warning System in the Critically Endangered Taita Thrush , 2002 .

[27]  D. Hoffman.  Role of selenium toxicity and oxidative stress in aquatic birds. , 2002, Aquatic toxicology.

[28]  T. Getty.  Signaling Health versus Parasites , 2002, The American Naturalist.

[29]  E. Fernández-Juricic.  Can human disturbance promote nestedness? A case study with breeding birds in urban habitat fragments , 2002, Oecologia.

[30]  Amber N. Wright,et al.  Color Pattern Asymmetry as a Correlate of Habitat Disturbance in Spotted Salamanders (Ambystoma maculatum) , 2002 .

[31]  A. Møller,et al.  Immune response of male barn swallows in relation to parental effort, corticosterone plasma levels, and sexual ornamentation , 2002 .

[32]  D. Bryant,et al.  State–dependent behaviour in breeding barn swallows (Hirundo rustica): consequences for reproductive effort , 2002, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences.

[33]  H. Weimerskirch,et al.  Heart rate and energy expenditure of incubating wandering albatrosses: basal levels, natural variation, and the effects of human disturbance. , 2002, The Journal of experimental biology.

[34]  J. A. Rodgers,et al.  Buffer‐Zone Distances to Protect Foraging and Loafing Waterbirds from Disturbance by Personal Watercraft and Outboard‐Powered Boats , 2002, Conservation biology : the journal of the Society for Conservation Biology.

[35]  S. Kark,et al.  Fluctuating asymmetry as an indicator of fitness: can we bridge the gap between studies? , 2002, Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society.

[36]  D. Boness,et al.  Effects of sonic booms on breeding gray seals and harbor seals on Sable Island, Canada. , 2002, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America.

[37]  J. Marzluff,et al.  Avian Ecology and Conservation in an Urbanizing World , 2002, Springer US.

[38]  K. Hobson,et al.  Physiological ramifications of habitat selection in territorial male ovenbirds: consequences of landscape fragmentation , 2002, Oecologia.

[39]  Measurement repeatability and the use of controls in PHA assays: a reply to Siva‐Jothy & Ryder , 2001 .

[40]  T. Bakker,et al.  Female preferences for single and combined traits in computer animated stickleback males , 2001 .

[41]  S. Wasser,et al.  Noninvasive Stress and Reproductive Measures of Social and Ecological Pressures in Free‐Ranging African Elephants , 2001 .

[42]  R. J. Robertson,et al.  Immune Defense and Host Sociality: A Comparative Study of Swallows and Martins , 2001, The American Naturalist.

[43]  J. Donázar,et al.  Offspring body condition and immunocompetence are negatively affected by high breeding densities in a colonial seabird: a multiscale approach , 2001, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences.

[44]  Mccoll,et al.  AT ALL COSTS : THE ADAPTIVE STRESS RESPONSE OF MALE ARCTIC GROUND SQUIRRELS , 2001 .

[45]  M. Wikelski,et al.  Corticosterone levels predict survival probabilities of Galápagos marine iguanas during El Niño events , 2001, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[46]  H. Hoi,et al.  Food availability and immune capacity in serin (Serinus serinus) nestlings , 2001, Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology.

[47]  M. Whittingham,et al.  Effects of human approaches to nests of northern New Zealand dotterels , 2001 .

[48]  J. Patz,et al.  Immunology, climate change and vector-borne diseases. , 2001, Trends in immunology.

[49]  Kevin Fowler,et al.  Size-dependent mate preference in the stalk-eyed fly Cyrtodiopsis dalmanni , 2001, Animal Behaviour.

[50]  J. A. Green,et al.  Heart rate and rate of oxygen consumption of exercising macaroni penguins. , 2001, Journal of Experimental Biology.

[51]  William J. Sutherland,et al.  Why behavioural responses may not reflect the population consequences of human disturbance , 2001 .

[52]  S. Skagen,et al.  The Interplay of Habitat Change, Human Disturbance and Species Interactions in a Waterbird Colony , 2001 .

[53]  D. Winkler,et al.  Humoral immunocompetence correlates with date of egg-laying and reflects work load in female tree swallows , 2001 .

[54]  E. Fernández-Juricic,et al.  Bird tolerance to human disturbance in urban parks of Madrid (Spain): Management implications , 2001 .

[55]  S. Wasser,et al.  A generalized fecal glucocorticoid assay for use in a diverse array of nondomestic mammalian and avian species. , 2000, General and comparative endocrinology.

[56]  A. Palmer,et al.  QUASIREPLICATION AND THE CONTRACT OF ERROR: Lessons from Sex Ratios, Heritabilities and Fluctuating Asymmetry , 2000 .

[57]  I. Owens,et al.  Ecological basis of extinction risk in birds: habitat loss versus human persecution and introduced predators. , 2000, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[58]  D. Blumstein,et al.  Integrating behaviour into wildlife conservation: the multiple ways that behaviour can reduce Ne , 2000 .

[59]  Y. Handrich,et al.  Impact of Externally Attached Loggers on the Diving Behaviour of the King Penguin , 2000, Physiological and Biochemical Zoology.

[60]  E. Fernández-Juricic,et al.  LOCAL AND REGIONAL EFFECTS OF PEDESTRIANS ON FOREST BIRDS IN A FRAGMENTED LANDSCAPE , 2000 .

[61]  D. Hasselquist,et al.  Experimentally activated immune defence in female pied flycatchers results in reduced breeding success , 2000, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences.

[62]  M. Berre,et al.  Ajustement des distances de fuite à l'homme chez Marmota marmota , 2000 .

[63]  Bjorksten,et al.  What does sexual trait FA tell us about stress? , 2000, Trends in ecology & evolution.

[64]  Buchanan,et al.  Stress and the evolution of condition-dependent signals. , 2000, Trends in ecology & evolution.

[65]  D. Blumstein,et al.  Behaviour and Conservation , 2000 .

[66]  A. Kerkhoff,et al.  Toward a panther-centered view of the forests of South Florida. , 2000 .

[67]  R. Sapolsky,et al.  How do glucocorticoids influence stress responses? Integrating permissive, suppressive, stimulatory, and preparative actions. , 2000, Endocrine reviews.

[68]  R. Palme,et al.  Transport stress in caftle as reflected by an increase in faecal cortisol metabolite concentrations , 2000, Veterinary Record.

[69]  K. Norris,et al.  Ecological immunology: life history trade-offs and immune defense in birds , 2000 .

[70]  S. Dongen.  Unbiased estimation of individual asymmetry. , 2000 .

[71]  D. Žikić,et al.  The influence of long term sound stress on the blood leukocyte count, heterophil/lymphocyte ratio and cutaneous basophil hypersensitive reaction to phytohemagglutinin in broiler chickens , 2000 .

[72]  A. Møller,et al.  Immune function and survival of great tit nestlings in relation to growth conditions , 1999, Oecologia.

[73]  Marian Joëls,et al.  Stress and cognition: are corticosteroids good or bad guys? , 1999, Trends in Neurosciences.

[74]  G. S. Fowler.  Behavioral and hormonal responses of Magellanic penguins (Spheniscus magellanicus) to tourism and nest site visitation , 1999 .

[75]  J. Smits,et al.  Validation of immunotoxicology techniques in passerine chicks exposed to Oil Sands tailings water. , 1999, Ecotoxicology and environmental safety.

[76]  G. Bortolotti,et al.  Simplifying the phytohaemagglutinin skin‐testing technique in studies of avian immunocompetence , 1999 .

[77]  J. Wingfield,et al.  Diel rhythms of basal and stress-induced corticosterone in a wild, seasonal vertebrate, Gambel's white-crowned sparrow. , 1999, The Journal of experimental zoology.

[78]  J. Moreno,et al.  Reproductive effort and T-lymphocyte cell-mediated immunocompetence in female pied flycatchers Ficedula hypoleuca , 1999, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences.

[79]  H. Hofer,et al.  Noninvasive fecal monitoring of glucocorticoids in spotted hyenas, Crocuta crocuta. , 1999, General and comparative endocrinology.

[80]  William J. Sydeman,et al.  A review of human disturbance effects on nesting colonial waterbirds , 1999 .

[81]  Møller.  Asymmetry as a predictor of growth, fecundity and survival , 1999 .

[82]  S. Dongen.  Accuracy and power in fluctuating asymmetry studies: effects of sample size and number of within‐subject repeats , 1999 .

[83]  J. Douglas Bremner,et al.  Does stress damage the brain? , 1999, Biological Psychiatry.

[84]  J. Fawcett,et al.  Dehydroepiandrosterone antagonizes the neurotoxic effects of corticosterone and translocation of stress-activated protein kinase 3 in hippocampal primary cultures , 1999, Neuroscience.

[85]  A. Møller,et al.  Parasitism, Host Immune Function, and Sexual Selection , 1999, The Quarterly Review of Biology.

[86]  Paul Beier,et al.  EFFECTS OF HELICOPTER NOISE ON MEXICAN SPOTTED OWLS , 1999 .

[87]  John M. Marzluff,et al.  Avian Conservation: Research and Management , 1999 .

[88]  J. Merilä,et al.  Reproductive effort and success are related to haematozoan infections in blue tits , 1999 .

[89]  Jane M. Packard,et al.  Behavioral approaches to conservation in the wild , 1999 .

[90]  G. M. Clarke,et al.  Developmental Stability and Fitness: The Evidence Is Not Quite So Clear , 1998, The American Naturalist.

[91]  M. Giese.  Guidelines for people approaching breeding groups of Adélie penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae) , 1998, Polar Record.

[92]  I. Ots,et al.  Health impact of blood parasites in breeding great tits , 1998, Oecologia.

[93]  D. Hasselquist,et al.  On the adaptive significance of stress-induced immunosuppression , 1998, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences.

[94]  D. Blumstein.  Female preferences and effective population size , 1998 .

[95]  S. Zohari,et al.  Reproductive effort reduces specific immune response and parasite resistance , 1998, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences.

[96]  J. Wingfield,et al.  Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis changes allow seasonal modulation of corticosterone in a bird. , 1998, American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology.

[97]  A. Møller,et al.  Asymmetry, Developmental Stability, and Evolution , 1998 .

[98]  R. Thornhill,et al.  Bilateral Symmetry and Sexual Selection: A Meta‐Analysis , 1998, The American Naturalist.

[99]  Russel D. Andrews,et al.  Heart Rate and Oxygen Consumption of Northern Elephant Seals during Diving in the Laboratory , 1998, Physiological Zoology.

[100]  H. Hofer,et al.  Biological Conservation and Stress , 1998 .

[101]  K. W. Dufour.  Bilateral symmetry as an indicator of male quality in red-winged blackbirds: associations with measures of health, viability, and parental effort , 1998 .

[102]  Victor Aapanius.  Stress and Immune Defense , 1998 .

[103]  A. Møller,et al.  Immunocompetence of nestling barn swallows in relation to brood size and parental effort , 1997 .

[104]  J. Speakman.  Factors influencing the daily energy expenditure of small mammals , 1997, Proceedings of the Nutrition Society.

[105]  O. Seehausen,et al.  Cichlid Fish Diversity Threatened by Eutrophication That Curbs Sexual Selection , 1997 .

[106]  S. Wasser,et al.  Noninvasive Physiological Measures of Disturbance in the Northern Spotted Owl , 1997 .

[107]  P. J. Wright,et al.  A spatial comparison of common guillemots and sandeels in Scottish waters , 1997 .

[108]  S. Daan,et al.  Reproductive effort decreases antibody responsiveness , 1997, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences.

[109]  A. Møller.  Developmental Stability and Fitness: A Review , 1997, The American Naturalist.

[110]  Denis White,et al.  Assessing Risks to Biodiversity from Future Landscape Change , 1997 .

[111]  B. Leung,et al.  Modelling fluctuating asymmetry in relation to stress and fitness , 1997 .

[112]  A. Dufty,et al.  Corticosterone and the Stress Response in Young Western Screech-Owls: Effects of Captivity, Gender, and Activity Period , 1997, Physiological Zoology.

[113]  C. Richardson,et al.  C Recommendations for protecting raptors from human disturbance: a review , 1997 .

[114]  Merila J Bjorklund.  Why some measures of fluctuating asymmetry are so sensititive to measurement error , 1997 .

[115]  M. Björklund,et al.  Why some measures of fluctuating asymmetry are so sensitive to measurement error , 1997 .

[116]  M. Biondi,et al.  Psychological stress, neuroimmunomodulation, and susceptibility to infectious diseases in animals and man: a review. , 1997, Psychotherapy and psychosomatics.

[117]  R. Nelson,et al.  Seasonal Changes in Immune Function , 1996, The Quarterly Review of Biology.

[118]  I. Ots,et al.  Great tits Parus major trade health for reproduction , 1996, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences.

[119]  D. Kramer,et al.  The influence of distance to burrow on flight initiation distance in the woodchuck, Marmota monax , 1996 .

[120]  S. Daan,et al.  Increased daily work precipitates natural death in the kestrel , 1996 .

[121]  R. Schroter,et al.  Artificial eggs: Measuring heart rate and effects of disturbance in nesting penguins , 1996, Physiology & Behavior.

[122]  A. Palmer.  Waltzing with Asymmetry Is fluctuating asymmetry a powerful new tool for biologists or just an alluring new dance step , 1996 .

[123]  A. Palmer,et al.  Waltzing with Asymmetry , 1996 .

[124]  B. Sheldon,et al.  Ecological immunology: costly parasite defences and trade-offs in evolutionary ecology. , 1996, Trends in ecology & evolution.

[125]  M. Zuk.  Disease, Endocrine‐‐Immune Interactions, and Sexual Selection , 1996 .

[126]  W. L. Miller,et al.  Female preference for dynamic traits in the green swordtail,Xiphophorus helleri , 1996, Animal Behaviour.

[127]  R. Andersen,et al.  Short term behavioural and physiological response of moose Alces alces to military disturbance in Norway , 1996 .

[128]  M. Giese.  Effects of human activity on adelie penguin Pygoscelis adeliae breeding success , 1996 .

[129]  J. Madsen,et al.  Impacts of hunting disturbance on waterbirds - a review , 1995, Wildlife Biology.

[130]  B. McEwen,et al.  Stress and cognitive function , 1995, Current Opinion in Neurobiology.

[131]  M. Björklund,et al.  Fluctuating Asymmetry and Measurement Error , 1995 .

[132]  R. Schroter,et al.  Heart rate of disturbed penguins , 1995, Nature.

[133]  A. Oppliger,et al.  Paternal investment affects prevalence of malaria. , 1995, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[134]  Geoffrey M. Clarke,et al.  Relationships Between Developmental Stability and Fitness: Application for Conservation Biology , 1995 .

[135]  James A. Rodgers,et al.  Set‐Back Distances to Protect Nesting Bird Colonies from Human Disturbance in Florida , 1995 .

[136]  G. M. Clarke.  Relationships Between Fluctuating Asymmetry and Fitness: How Good is the Evidence? , 1995 .

[137]  Therese A. Markow,et al.  Evolutionary Ecology and Developmental Instability , 1995 .

[138]  P. Arcese.  Harem size and horn symmetry in oribi , 1994, Animal Behaviour.

[139]  A. Møller,et al.  Parasites, immunology of hosts, and host sexual selection. , 1994, The Journal of parasitology.

[140]  I. Cuthill,et al.  The analysis of fluctuating asymmetry , 1994, Animal Behaviour.

[141]  R. Bevan,et al.  THE USE OF HEART RATE TO ESTIMATE OXYGEN CONSUMPTION OF FREE-RANGING BLACK-BROWED ALBATROSSES DIOMEDEA MELANOPHRYS , 1994, The Journal of experimental biology.

[142]  T. O'hara,et al.  IMPAIRMENT OF GROWTH AND IMMUNE FUNCTION OF AVOCET CHICKS FROM SITES WITH ELEVATED SELENIUM, ARSENIC, AND BORON , 1994, Journal of wildlife diseases.

[143]  J. Wingfield,et al.  Adrenocortical Response to Stress in the Common Diving Petrel, Pelecanoides urinatrix , 1994, Physiological Zoology.

[144]  A. Palmer.  Fluctuating asymmetry analyses: a primer , 1994 .

[145]  Stephen D. Sarre,et al.  The Application of Fluctuating Asymmetry in the Monitoring of Animal Populations , 1994 .

[146]  R. Lochmiller,et al.  Temporal Variation in Humoral and Cell‐Mediated Immune Response in a Sigmodon Hispidus Population , 1994 .

[147]  T. Markow,et al.  Developmental Instability: Its Origins and Evolutionary Implications , 1994, Contemporary Issues in Genetics and Evolution.

[148]  D. C. Freeman,et al.  Developmental stability and its applications in ecotoxicology , 1993, Ecotoxicology.

[149]  I. F. Harvey,et al.  Fluctuating asymmetry and lifetime mating success are correlated in males of the damselfly Coenagrion puella (Odonata: Coenagrionidae) , 1993 .

[150]  R. L. Knight,et al.  RESPONSES OF WINTERING GRASSLAND RAPTORS TO HUMAN DISTURBANCE , 1993 .

[151]  S. L. Lima.  Ecological and evolutionary perspectives on escape from predatory attack: a survey of North American birds , 1993 .

[152]  G. M. Clarke,et al.  Fluctuating asymmetry of invertebrate populations as a biological indicator of environmental quality. , 1993, Environmental pollution.

[153]  D. Broom,et al.  Stress and Animal Welfare , 1993, Springer Netherlands.

[154]  J. Wingfield,et al.  Seasonal changes of the adrenocortical response to stress in birds of the Sonoran Desert. , 1992, The Journal of experimental zoology.

[155]  Anthony James Woakes,et al.  Estimation of Daily Energy Expenditure from Heart Rate and Doubly Labeled Water in Exercising Geese , 1992, Physiological Zoology.

[156]  Robert M. Sapolsky,et al.  Stress, the Aging Brain, and the Mechanisms of Neuron Death , 1992 .

[157]  Randy Thornhill,et al.  Female preference for the pheromone of males with low fluctuating asymmetry in the Japanese scorpionfly (Panorpa japonica: Mecoptera) , 1992 .

[158]  S. Lightman,et al.  Stress and the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis: acute, chronic and immunological activation. , 1992, The Journal of endocrinology.

[159]  T. Markow,et al.  Male size, developmental stability, and mating success in natural populations of three Drosophila species , 1992, Heredity.

[160]  A. Møller,et al.  Female swallow preference for symmetrical male sexual ornaments , 1992, Nature.

[161]  P. Parsons,et al.  Fluctuating asymmetry: a biological monitor of environmental and genomic stress , 1992, Heredity.

[162]  A. Karter,et al.  Parasites, Bright Males, and the Immunocompetence Handicap , 1992, The American Naturalist.

[163]  R. Thornhill,et al.  Genetic sire effects on the fighting ability of sons and daughters and mating success of sons in a scorpionfly , 1992, Animal Behaviour.

[164]  P. Butler,et al.  A Method for Controlling the Feeding Behaviour of Aquatic Birds: Heart Rate and Oxygen Consumption during Dives of Different Duration , 1992 .

[165]  J. Burger,et al.  Human Distance and Birds: Tolerance and Response Distances of Resident and Migrant Species in India , 1991, Environmental Conservation.

[166]  D. Buehler,et al.  Effects of human activity on bald eagle distribution on the northern Chesapeake Bay , 1991 .

[167]  J. Burger,et al.  Risk discrimination of direct versus tangential approach by basking black iguanas (Ctenosaura similis): Variation as a function of human exposure. , 1990 .

[168]  S. Riechert,et al.  Levels of predation and genetically based anti-predator behaviour in the spider, Agelenopsis aperta , 1990, Animal Behaviour.

[169]  L. Real.  Search Theory and Mate Choice. I. Models of Single-Sex Discrimination , 1990, The American Naturalist.

[170]  R. Sapolsky,et al.  Hippocampal damage associated with prolonged glucocorticoid exposure in primates , 1990, The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.

[171]  M. Keough,et al.  A comment on short supply-lines. , 1990, Trends in ecology & evolution.

[172]  P. Parsons,et al.  Fluctuating asymmetry and stress intensity. , 1990, Trends in ecology & evolution.

[173]  Anthony James Woakes,et al.  The Effect of Disturbance on the Heart Rate and Behaviour of Adélie Penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae) During the Breeding Season , 1990 .

[174]  K. Kerry,et al.  Antarctic ecosystems: ecological change and conservation , 1990 .

[175]  R. Sapolsky,et al.  Stress in the wild. , 1990, Scientific American.

[176]  R. Vrijenhoek,et al.  Fitness differences among remnant populations of the endangered sonoran topminnow. , 1989, Science.

[177]  F. Allendorf,et al.  Fluctuating asymmetry as an indicator of stress: Implications for conservation biology. , 1989, Trends in ecology & evolution.

[178]  L. Dill,et al.  The influence of distance to refuge on flight initiation distance in the gray squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis) , 1989 .

[179]  R. Montgomerie,et al.  Risks and Rewards of Nest Defence by Parent Birds , 1988, The Quarterly Review of Biology.

[180]  D. Bryant.  Energy expenditure and body mass changes as measures of reproductive costs in birds , 1988 .

[181]  J. Wingfield.  Changes in Reproductive Function of Free-Living Birds in Direct Response to Environmental Perturbations , 1988 .

[182]  M. Stetson.  Processing of Environmental Information in Vertebrates , 1988, Proceedings in Life Sciences.

[183]  C. Strobeck,et al.  Fluctuating Asymmetry: Measurement, Analysis, Patterns , 1986 .

[184]  Lawrence M. Dill,et al.  The Economics of Fleeing from Predators , 1986 .

[185]  W. D. Graul,et al.  Response of Breeding Great Blue Herons to Human Disturbance in Northcentral Colorado , 1985 .

[186]  B. Bengtsson,et al.  Fish Deformities and Pollution in Some Swedish Waters , 1985 .

[187]  J. Wingfield,et al.  Influence of weather on reproduction. , 1984, The Journal of experimental zoology.

[188]  J G Phillips,et al.  Stress and adrenal function. , 1984, The Journal of experimental zoology.

[189]  N. Holbrook,et al.  Physiological functions of glucocorticoids in stress and their relation to pharmacological actions. , 1984, Endocrine reviews.

[190]  M. Andersson.  Female choice selects for extreme tail length in a widowbird , 1982, Nature.

[191]  W. Hamilton,et al.  Heritable true fitness and bright birds: a role for parasites? , 1982, Science.

[192]  R. H. Johnston,et al.  Cardiac and Behavioral Responses of Mountain Sheep to Human Disturbance , 1982 .

[193]  A. N. Moen,et al.  Effects of disturbance by snowmobiles on heart rate of captive white-tailed deer [Odocoileus virginianus]. , 1982 .

[194]  P. Grant,et al.  Intense Natural Selection in a Population of Darwin's Finches (Geospizinae) in the Gal�pagos , 1981, Science.

[195]  D. Bauwens,et al.  Escape Tactics and Vulnerability to Predation Associated with Reproduction in the Lizard Lacerta vivipara , 1981 .

[196]  D. H. Morse,et al.  Behavioral Mechanisms in Ecology , 1980 .

[197]  J. O. Keith,et al.  The human influence on seabird nesting success: Conservation implications , 1980 .

[198]  R. Pauls.  Heari rate as an index of energy expenditure in red squirrels (Lamiasciurus hudsonicus) , 1980 .

[199]  R. H. Johnston,et al.  Factors influencing heart rate in free-ranging bighorn sheep: a physiological approach to the study of wildlife harassment , 1979 .

[200]  Donald A. Dewsbury,et al.  In defense of animals , 1979 .

[201]  P. Samollow,et al.  ASYMMETRY ANALYSIS IN FISHES: A POSSIBLE STATISTICAL INDICATOR OF ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS , 1973 .

[202]  F. Walther,et al.  Flight Behaviour and Avoidance of Predators in Thomson's Gazelle (Gazella Thomsoni Guenther 1884) , 1969 .

[203]  L. V. Valen,et al.  A STUDY OF FLUCTUATING ASYMMETRY , 1962 .