CdO activated Sn-doped ZnO for highly sensitive, selective and stable formaldehyde sensor

Sn-, Ni-, Fe- and Al-doped ZnO and pure ZnO are prepared by coprecipitation method, and characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy diffraction spectra (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Their formaldehyde gas sensing properties are evaluated and the results show that 2.2 mol% Sn dopant can increase the response of ZnO by more than 2 folds, while other dopants increase little response or even decrease response. Further, CdO is used to activate ZnO based formaldehyde sensing material. It is demonstrated that 10 mol% CdO activated 2.2 mol% Sn-doped ZnO has the highest formaldehyde gas response, with a linear sensitivity of similar to 10/ppm at lowered work temperature of 200 degrees C than 400 degrees C of pure ZnO, and high selectivity over toluene, CO and NH(3), as well as good stability tested in 1 month. (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier B.V.

[1]  G. Korotcenkov.  Gas response control through structural and chemical modification of metal oxide films: state of the art and approaches , 2005 .

[2]  Xiaohua Jia,et al.  Selective detection of HCHO gas using mixed oxides of ZnO/ZnSnO3 , 2007 .

[3]  Zhihao Yuan,et al.  Nanopillar ZnO gas sensor for hydrogen and ethanol , 2007 .

[4]  Tong Zhang,et al.  Enhanced toluene sensing characteristics of TiO2-doped flowerlike ZnO nanostructures , 2009 .

[5]  Zhen-Lai Zhou,et al.  The fabrication and gas-sensing characteristics of the formaldehyde gas sensors with high sensitivity , 2008 .

[6]  Zhen-Lai Zhou,et al.  Effects of calcining temperature on the phase structure and the formaldehyde gas sensing properties of CdO-mixed In2O3 , 2008 .

[7]  J. Collins,et al.  A review and meta-analysis of formaldehyde exposure and leukemia. , 2004, Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : RTP.

[8]  Ning Han,et al.  Improving humidity selectivity in formaldehyde gas sensing by a two-sensor array made of Ga-doped ZnO , 2009 .

[9]  Yunfa Chen,et al.  NiO thin film fabricated by electrophoretic deposition and formaldehyde gas sensing property thereof. , 2009, Journal of nanoscience and nanotechnology.

[10]  P. Dasgupta,et al.  Measurement of gaseous and aqueous trace formaldehyde: Revisiting the pentanedione reaction and field applications , 2005 .

[11]  Ning Han,et al.  Evaluating the doping effect of Fe, Ti and Sn on gas sensing property of ZnO , 2010 .

[12]  Z. Bai,et al.  Regulatory standards related to building energy conservation and indoor-air-quality during rapid urbanization in China , 2004 .

[13]  C. Xie,et al.  Formaldehyde‐, Benzene‐, and Xylene‐Sensing Characterizations of Zn–W–O Nanocomposite Ceramics , 2007 .

[14]  L. A. Patil,et al.  Cr2O3-activated ZnO thick film resistors for ammonia gas sensing operable at room temperature , 2007 .

[15]  N. Bârsan,et al.  Metal oxide-based gas sensor research: How to? , 2007 .

[16]  Xing-qin Liu,et al.  A novel high performance ethanol gas sensor based on CdOFe2O3 semiconducting materials , 1998 .

[17]  G. Heiland,et al.  Electronic Processes in Zinc Oxide , 1959 .

[18]  Dong Wang,et al.  Preparation and properties of CdO-SnO2 complex oxide powders , 1994 .

[19]  Ning Han,et al.  Counterintuitive sensing mechanism of ZnO nanoparticle based gas sensors , 2010 .

[20]  Derrick Crump,et al.  A review of the emission of VOCs from polymeric materials used in buildings , 1998 .

[21]  A. Sasco,et al.  The multitude and diversity of environmental carcinogens. , 2007, Environmental research.

[22]  Andreas Kornowski,et al.  Determination of nanocrystal sizes: a comparison of TEM, SAXS, and XRD studies of highly monodisperse CoPt3 particles. , 2005, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[23]  M. Casarin,et al.  Coordination chemistry of CO and NH3 on ZnO(0001): a molecular cluster study of the CO and NH3 bonding interaction with a d10 ion , 1994 .

[24]  N. K. Gaur,et al.  Copper doped SnO2 nanowires as highly sensitive H2S gas sensor , 2009 .

[25]  T. Seiyama,et al.  A New Detector for Gaseous Components Using Semiconductive Thin Films. , 1962 .

[26]  S. Teichner,et al.  Mechanism of the catalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide on zinc oxide , 1966 .

[27]  A. Cornet,et al.  The influence of additives on gas sensing and structural properties of In2O3-based ceramics , 2007 .

[28]  Dan Zhang,et al.  Photoluminescence investigation on the gas sensing property of ZnO nanorods prepared by plasma-enhanced CVD method , 2010 .

[29]  V. Korchak,et al.  The Mechanism of Low-Temperature Ammonia Oxidation on Metal Oxides According to the Data of Spectrokinetic Measurements , 2002 .

[30]  M. Girgis,et al.  Role of CdO/Cd2+ content on the electrical conductivity and catalytic behaviour of Co1.0−x −Cd −Fe2.0 oxide/spinel system (0.0 < x < 0.5) for the decomposition of 2 propanol , 1991 .