Sawing Processes as a Way of Determining Fracture Toughness and Shear Yield Stresses of Wood

A new computational model, based on fracture mechanics, was used to determine cutting forces. Unlike traditional computing methods, which depend on many coefficients reflecting the machining of solid wood, the new model uses two main parameters: fracture toughness and shear yield stresses. The aim of this study was to apply this new method to determine these parameters for the tooth cutting edge principal positions and longitudinal and perpendicular cutting speed directions. Samples of beech wood (Fagus sylvatica L.) were sawn. The measurements of energetic effects (cutting power and cutting force) while sawing wood were carried out on two laboratory stands: the sash gang saw and the circular sawing machine. The basic relationships between different sawing methods, such as cutting on a frame sawing machine (sash gang saw) and a circular sawing machine, and the fracture toughness and shear yield stresses were recognizable. The data obtained could be applied to the computation of the energetic effects on other wood cutting methods.

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