The application of satellite time references to HVDC fault location

An HVDC fault location scheme is described. It relies on very precise detection of the time of arrival of fault-created surges at both ends of the line. Such detection is achieved by a very accurate data acquisition and processing system combined with the time reference signals provided by a Global Positioning System receiver. Extensive digital simulation is carried out to determine the voltage and current waveforms, to identify the main sources of error, and to suggest possible compensation techniques. >