Interactive Audio Tactile Maps for Pre-Navigation Improve Spatial Learning in Visually Impaired People.

1De Montfort University, Leicester, UK, 2Imperial College London, UK. Abstract Pre-navigational tools can assist visually impaired people when navigating unfamiliar environments. We assessed the effectiveness of an interactive audio-tactile-map (ATM) in blind and visually impaired people. We found that participants exposed to an ATM recalled the map significantly better than those given a conventional tactile map accompanied by text description.