Forest response to climatic change: Effects of parameter estimation and choice of weather patterns on the reliability of projections

Computer projections suggest that forests may respond dramatically and rapidly to global warming, with significant and readily observable changes in forests of mid-latitudes occurring by the turn of the century or shortly thereafter. These results raise the question: how reliable are the projections? Sensitivity analyses reported in this paper suggest that projections of forest response to global warming will be generally insensitive to errors of 10% in parameter estimation. Even where projections are sensitive quantitatively, they are not changed in timing. Projections are insensitive to the choice of baseline weather records, unless the warmest or coldest decades of the 20th century are used as baselines.

[1]  Daniel B. Botkin,et al.  Predicting the effects of different harvesting regimes on forest floor dynamics in northern hardwoods , 1978 .

[2]  J. R. Wallis,et al.  Rationale, Limitations, and Assumptions of a Northeastern Forest Growth Simulator , 1972, IBM J. Res. Dev..

[3]  T. Wigley,et al.  Northern Hemisphere Surface Air Temperature Variations: 1851–1984 , 1986 .

[4]  I. Prentice,et al.  Description and simulation of tree-layer composition and size distributions in a primaeval Picea-Pinus forest , 1987, Vegetatio.

[5]  Stephen H. Schneider,et al.  Atmospheric CO2 and climate: Importance of the transient response , 1981 .

[6]  Peter H. Stone,et al.  Efficient Three-Dimensional Global Models for Climate Studies: Models I and II , 1983 .

[7]  Daniel B. Botkin,et al.  Sensitivity of Cool-Temperate Forests and their Fossil Pollen Record to Rapid Temperature Change , 1985, Quaternary Research.

[8]  Andrew D. Moore On the maximum growth equation used in forest gap simulation models , 1989 .

[9]  Virginia H. Dale,et al.  Using sensitivity and uncertainty analyses to improve predictions of broad-scale forest development , 1988 .

[10]  J. Aber,et al.  Potential effects of acid precipitation on soil nitrogen and productivity of forest ecosystems , 1982 .

[11]  H. Shugart A Theory of Forest Dynamics , 1984 .

[12]  J. Aber,et al.  Predicting the effects of different harvesting regimes on productivity and yield in northern hardwoods , 1979 .

[13]  W. Post,et al.  Influence of climate, soil moisture, and succession on forest carbon and nitrogen cycles , 1986 .

[14]  R. Nisbet,et al.  Kirtland's Warbler Habitats: A Possible Early Indicator of Climatic Warming , 1991 .

[15]  M. B. Davis,et al.  Quaternary history and the stability of forest communities , 1981 .

[16]  J. R. Wallis,et al.  Some ecological consequences of a computer model of forest growth , 1972 .

[17]  Michael E. Schlesinger,et al.  Climate Model Simulations of the Equilibrium Climatic Response to Increased Carbon Dioxide (Paper 6R0726) , 1987 .

[18]  M. Schlesinger,et al.  Model projections of the equilibrium climatic response to increased carbon dioxide , 1986 .

[19]  C. W. Thornthwaite An approach toward a rational classification of climate. , 1948 .