An adaptive reversible steganographic scheme based on the just noticeable distortion

In this paper, we propose an adaptive reversible steganographic scheme based on the just noticeable distortion (JND). First, the JND value of each cover pixel is calculated using the frequency model of the human visual system (HVS). Then, the prediction value of the cover pixel is acquired by anisotropic interpolation, and also the pixel distribution characteristic is estimated. Finally, whether the cover pixel is embeddable or not is adaptively determined according to the relationship between the prediction error and the JND value. The embedding procedure is based on modifying the prediction error of each cover pixel, and the visual degradation caused by embedding is imperceptible due to the control of JND. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed scheme provides a greater embedding rate and higher quality of stego image than other methods that have been reported recently.

[1]  Jessica J. Fridrich,et al.  Lossless Data Embedding—New Paradigm in Digital Watermarking , 2002, EURASIP J. Adv. Signal Process..

[2]  A. Murat Tekalp,et al.  Reversible data hiding , 2002, Proceedings. International Conference on Image Processing.

[3]  Chin-Chen Chang,et al.  An Inpainting-Assisted Reversible Steganographic Scheme Using a Histogram Shifting Mechanism , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology.

[4]  Sung-Jea Ko,et al.  A New Histogram Modification Based Reversible Data Hiding Algorithm Considering the Human Visual System , 2011, IEEE Signal Processing Letters.

[5]  Jeng-Shyang Pan,et al.  Reversible data hiding based on multilevel histogram modification and sequential recovery , 2011 .

[6]  Chin-Chen Chang,et al.  Reversible Data Hiding Based on Histogram Modification of Pixel Differences , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology.

[7]  Eero P. Simoncelli,et al.  Image quality assessment: from error visibility to structural similarity , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Image Processing.

[8]  Chin-Feng Lee,et al.  Embedding capacity raising in reversible data hiding based on prediction of difference expansion , 2010, J. Syst. Softw..

[9]  Chun-Hsien Chou,et al.  A perceptually tuned subband image coder based on the measure of just-noticeable-distortion profile , 1995, IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol..

[10]  Tung-Shou Chen,et al.  Reversible data embedding for high quality images using interpolation and reference pixel distribution mechanism , 2011, J. Vis. Commun. Image Represent..

[11]  Shyr-Shen Yu,et al.  Adaptive DE-based reversible steganographic technique using bilinear interpolation and simplified location map , 2011, Multimedia Tools and Applications.

[12]  Yu-Chen Hu,et al.  Reversible image hiding scheme using predictive coding and histogram shifting , 2009, Signal Process..

[13]  Andrew B. Watson,et al.  DCT quantization matrices visually optimized for individual images , 1993, Electronic Imaging.

[14]  Jun Tian,et al.  Reversible data embedding using a difference expansion , 2003, IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol..

[15]  Chin-Chen Chang,et al.  Reversible hiding in DCT-based compressed images , 2007, Inf. Sci..

[16]  Jessica J. Fridrich,et al.  Invertible authentication , 2001, Security and Watermarking of Multimedia Contents.