Reasoning with Maximum Entropy in Expert Systems

One of the major requirements of an expert system designed to be able to reason cogently with both certain and uncertain information is that it should demonstrably perform its reasoning task within a reasonable amount of time. However, various simplification strategies operated by early expert systems, do in the long run, lead to continued and sustained errors of judgement on the part of the reasoning process. So much so, that criticisms can be made against almost all of the present day methods for reasoning with uncertainty (Prade, 1983), (Stephanou and Sage 1987).

[1]  Henri Prade,et al.  A Synthetic View of Approximate Reasoning Techniques , 1983, IJCAI.

[2]  Peter S. Sell,et al.  Expert Systems-A Practical Introduction , 1987, IEEE Expert.

[3]  Nils J. Nilsson,et al.  Probabilistic Logic * , 2022 .

[4]  RICHARD 0. DUDA,et al.  Subjective bayesian methods for rule-based inference systems , 1899, AFIPS '76.

[5]  Maurice G. Kendall,et al.  Studies in the history of statistics and probability: A series of papers , 1972 .

[6]  R. T. Cox.  Probability, frequency and reasonable expectation , 1990 .

[7]  E. T. Jaynes,et al.  Probability Theory as Logic , 1990 .

[8]  C. E. SHANNON,et al.  A mathematical theory of communication , 1948, MOCO.

[9]  T. Bayes.  An essay towards solving a problem in the doctrine of chances , 2003 .

[10]  I. Good,et al.  The Maximum Entropy Formalism. , 1979 .

[11]  G A Gorry,et al.  Sequential diagnosis by computer. , 2015, JAMA.

[12]  Terence R. Thompson.  Parallel Formulation of Evidential-Reasoning Theories , 1985, IJCAI.

[13]  H. Jeffreys,et al.  Theory of probability , 1896 .

[14]  Yonathan Bard,et al.  A model of shared DASD and multipathing , 1980, CACM.

[15]  J. Ross Quinlan,et al.  Inferno: A Cautious Approach To Uncertain Inference , 1986, Comput. J..

[16]  R. G. Dromey,et al.  How to Solve it by Computer , 1982 .

[17]  H. E. Shrobe,et al.  Exploring Artificial Intelligence , 1988 .

[18]  Thomas B. Kane.  Enhancing the inference mechanism of Nilsson's probabilistic logic , 1990, Int. J. Intell. Syst..

[19]  Bruce G. Buchanan,et al.  The MYCIN Experiments of the Stanford Heuristic Programming Project , 1985 .

[20]  Richard A. Frost,et al.  Introduction to Knowledge Base Systems , 1986 .

[21]  L. N. Kanal,et al.  Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence 5 , 1990 .

[22]  C. B. Barry,et al.  New developments in the applications of Bayesian methods : proceedings of the First European Conference sponsored by the Centre européen d'education permanente (CEDEP) and the Institut européen d'administration des affaires (INSEAD), June 1976 , 1978 .

[23]  P. A. P. Moran,et al.  An introduction to probability theory , 1968 .

[24]  David J. Spiegelhalter,et al.  Probabilistic Reasoning in Predictive Expert Systems , 1985, UAI.

[25]  H. E. Stephanou,et al.  Perspectives on imperfect information processing , 1987, IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics.

[26]  Max J. Cresswell,et al.  A New Introduction to Modal Logic , 1998 .

[27]  John F. Lemmer,et al.  Efficient Minimum Information Updating for Bayesian Inferencing in Expert Systems , 1982, AAAI.

[28]  Glenn Shafer,et al.  A Mathematical Theory of Evidence , 2020, A Mathematical Theory of Evidence.

[29]  Yonathan Bard,et al.  Estimation of State Probabilities Using the Maximum Entropy Principle , 1980, IBM J. Res. Dev..

[30]  Gregory F. Cooper,et al.  NESTOR: A Computer-Based Medical Diagnostic Aid That Integrates Causal and Probabilistic Knowledge. , 1984 .

[31]  Jonathan Baron,et al.  A causal bayesian model for the diagnosis of appendicitis , 1986, UAI.

[32]  H. Guggenheimer,et al.  Foundations of Probabilistic Logic , 1987, IJCAI.

[33]  Jeffrey D. Ullman,et al.  Introduction to Automata Theory, Languages and Computation , 1979 .

[34]  Ramesh S. Patil,et al.  Artificial intelligence techniques for diagnostic reasoning in medicine , 1988 .

[35]  Bruce G. Buchanan,et al.  Heuristic DENDRAL - A program for generating explanatory hypotheses in organic chemistry. , 1968 .

[36]  A Perez,et al.  Constructing an intentional expert system , 1985 .

[37]  Judea Pearl,et al.  Evidential Reasoning Using Stochastic Simulation of Causal Models , 1987, Artif. Intell..

[38]  L. J. Savage,et al.  The Foundations of Statistics , 1955 .

[39]  E. Feigenbaum,et al.  Computers and Thought , 1963 .

[40]  G. Gorry,et al.  Experience with a model of sequential diagnosis. , 2011, Computers and biomedical research, an international journal.

[41]  Richard C. T. Lee,et al.  Symbolic logic and mechanical theorem proving , 1973, Computer science classics.

[42]  Leonard J. Savage,et al.  The Foundations of Statistics Reconsidered , 1961 .

[43]  Thomas B. Kane.  Maximum Entropy in Nilsson's Probabilistic Logic , 1989, IJCAI.