Isolation of Intact Glucosinolates from Mustard Seed Meal to Increase the Sustainability of Biodiesel Utilization

Meal is a by-product in biodiesel production from HEA seeds. Although rich in proteins, mustard seed meal has limited uses as animal feed due to high glucosinolates (GLS) and other anti-nutritional substance content. GLS are a group of sulfur-containing compounds whose hydrolytic products are toxic especially to non-ruminant animals. Recently, the potential uses of GLS for value-added products, such as pest control agents, possible drug ingredients, and food flavors, have attracted researchers’ attention. It is of great significance in reducing biodiesel cost to isolate intact GLS and produce a detoxicated meal as feed additives and a concentrated GLS for other uses. As part of the effort to fully utilize the seed for sustainable biodiesel production, this study explored the effectiveness of isolating GLS from mustard meal by solvent extraction. Three solvents were tested. It was found that hot water was very effective in removing GLS from mustard meal at low meal-to-water ratios and that NH4Cl solution had the best extraction effect. Extraction temperature was a significant factor in GLS extraction, however, pH was not. More than 30% of the GLS were hydrolyzed if temperature was below 85oC. Washing meal cake after liquid-solid separation was critical and significantly reduced the GLS content in the product and possibly avoids a two-stage extraction. After being washed, the treated meal contained as low as 13.7 µmol/g GLS compared to 211.3 µmol/g for untreated meal. One negative effect was that the protein content was reduced by 50%. Further studies are needed to optimize the working conditions for GLS removal and nutrition recovery.

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