The Identification of Scientific Communities and Their Approach to Worldwide Malaria Research

It is essential to establish a pattern to detect the strengths and weaknesses of working groups publishing on malaria, to promote coordination to facilitate the eradication of the disease. Given the complexity of the scientific network of groups and institutions studying malaria, it is necessary to use a mathematical algorithm that allows us to know the real structure of research on the disease in the world. In this work, articles with the word “malaria” in the title or author keywords gathered from Elsevier Scopus database were analyzed. By means of specific software, graphs were created. The analysis of the data allowed established different scientific communities, among which two were very diverse: one formed by those groups concerned about the vector transmission and control, and another one focused on the drug resistance of the parasite. Basic, applied, and operational research to eradicate malaria is an ambitious goal of the international institutions and the scientific community. The combination of effort and the establishment of a worldwide-scientific network that allows an effective interconnection (exchange) of knowledge, infrastructure technology, collaborators, financial resources, and datasets will contribute more effectively to end the disease.

[1]  Elbert E. N. Macau,et al.  Dynamical detection of network communities , 2016, Scientific Reports.

[2]  Loeb Rf.  Activity of a new antimalarial agent, pentaquine (SN 13,276). , 1946 .

[3]  Claudio Castellano,et al.  Defining and identifying communities in networks. , 2003, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[4]  R. Loeb.  Activity of a new antimalarial agent, pentaquine (SN 13,276). , 1946, Journal of the American Medical Association.

[5]  S. C. T. P. Rts.  Efficacy and safety of RTS,S/AS01 malaria vaccine with or without a booster dose in infants and children in Africa: final results of a phase 3, individually randomised, controlled trial , 2015, The Lancet.

[6]  A. Pain,et al.  Two nonrecombining sympatric forms of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium ovale occur globally. , 2010, The Journal of infectious diseases.

[7]  Vincent Larivière,et al.  Comparing Bibliometric Statistics Obtained from the Web of Science and Scopus , 2009, J. Assoc. Inf. Sci. Technol..

[8]  T. Horii,et al.  Recent advances in recombinant protein-based malaria vaccines , 2015, Vaccine.

[9]  John R Yates,et al.  A Comprehensive Survey of the Plasmodium Life Cycle by Genomic, Transcriptomic, and Proteomic Analyses , 2005, Science.

[10]  Adèle Paul-Hus,et al.  The journal coverage of Web of Science and Scopus: a comparative analysis , 2015, Scientometrics.

[11]  Quetzalcoatl Hernandez-Escobedo,et al.  Wind energy research in Mexico , 2018, Renewable Energy.

[12]  F. Manzano-Agugliaro,et al.  Global trends in nitrate leaching research in the 1960-2017 period. , 2018, The Science of the total environment.

[13]  G. Benelli,et al.  Current vector control challenges in the fight against malaria. , 2017, Acta tropica.

[14]  Arnish Chakraborty.  Understanding the biology of the Plasmodium falciparum apicoplast; an excellent target for antimalarial drug development. , 2016, Life sciences.

[15]  L. Roberts.  Malaria wars. , 2016, Science.

[16]  Cho Naing,et al.  Is Plasmodium vivax Malaria a Severe Malaria?: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis , 2014, PLoS neglected tropical diseases.

[17]  G. Benelli.  Gold nanoparticles - against parasites and insect vectors. , 2018, Acta tropica.

[18]  Santo Fortunato,et al.  Community detection in graphs , 2009, ArXiv.

[19]  Qi Yu,et al.  Research collaboration in health management research communities , 2013, BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making.

[20]  Francisco Manzano-Agugliaro,et al.  Microalgae research worldwide , 2018, Algal Research.

[21]  V. A. Stewart,et al.  Immune mechanisms in malaria: new insights in vaccine development , 2013, Nature Medicine.

[22]  J. Coats,et al.  Current and Future Repellent Technologies: The Potential of Spatial Repellents and Their Place in Mosquito-Borne Disease Control , 2017, International journal of environmental research and public health.

[23]  Judit Bar-Ilan,et al.  Citations to the “Introduction to informetrics” indexed by WOS, Scopus and Google Scholar , 2010, Scientometrics.

[24]  G. Kamuyu,et al.  Vaccine candidate discovery for the next generation of malaria vaccines , 2017, Immunology.

[25]  Francisco Manzano-Agugliaro,et al.  DNA Damage Repair System in Plants: A Worldwide Research Update , 2017, Genes.

[26]  M E J Newman,et al.  Modularity and community structure in networks. , 2006, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[27]  Francisco Manzano-Agugliaro,et al.  Worldwide Scientific Production Indexed by Scopus on Labour Relations , 2017, Publ..

[28]  Toshihiro Mita,et al.  Evolution of Plasmodium falciparum drug resistance: implications for the development and containment of artemisinin resistance. , 2012, Japanese journal of infectious diseases.

[29]  Francisco Manzano-Agugliaro,et al.  Economic analysis of sustainable water use: A review of worldwide research , 2018, Journal of Cleaner Production.

[30]  Jonathan E. Allen,et al.  Genome sequence of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum , 2002, Nature.

[31]  Francisco G. Montoya,et al.  A fast method for identifying worldwide scientific collaborations using the Scopus database , 2018, Telematics Informatics.

[32]  R. Newman,et al.  Malaria vaccine technology roadmap , 2013, The Lancet.

[33]  M E J Newman,et al.  Finding and evaluating community structure in networks. , 2003, Physical review. E, Statistical, nonlinear, and soft matter physics.

[34]  Dohyeong Kim,et al.  A Meta-Regression Analysis of the Effectiveness of Mosquito Nets for Malaria Control: The Value of Long-Lasting Insecticide Nets , 2018, International journal of environmental research and public health.

[35]  M. Hamel,et al.  The combination of indoor residual spraying and insecticide-treated nets provides added protection against malaria compared with insecticide-treated nets alone. , 2011, The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene.

[36]  M. Zaw,et al.  Two sympatric types of Plasmodium ovale and discrimination by molecular methods. , 2017, Journal of microbiology, immunology, and infection = Wei mian yu gan ran za zhi.

[37]  M. Newman.  Communities, modules and large-scale structure in networks , 2011, Nature Physics.

[38]  K. Kita,et al.  Highly conserved gene arrangement of the mitochondrial genomes of 23 Plasmodium species. , 2011, Parasitology international.

[39]  Peter G. Kremsner,et al.  Efficacy and safety of RTS,S/AS01 malaria vaccine with or without a booster dose in infants and children in Africa: final results of a phase 3, individually randomised, controlled trial. , 2015 .

[40]  Francisco Manzano-Agugliaro,et al.  The Higher Education Sustainability through Virtual Laboratories: The Spanish University as Case of Study , 2018, Sustainability.

[41]  Plasmodium genomics: an approach for learning about and ending human malaria , 2018, Parasitology Research.

[42]  Francisco Manzano-Agugliaro,et al.  Worldwide Research on Plant Defense against Biotic Stresses as Improvement for Sustainable Agriculture , 2018 .

[43]  Francisco Manzano-Agugliaro,et al.  The Electric Bicycle: Worldwide Research Trends , 2018, Energies.

[44]  Francisco Manzano-Agugliaro,et al.  S0031182017001718jrv 699..712 , 2018 .

[45]  Francisco Manzano-Agugliaro,et al.  Dielectric and Bioimpedance Research Studies: A Scientometric Approach Using the Scopus Database , 2018, Publ..

[46]  J. E. Hirsch,et al.  An index to quantify an individual's scientific research output , 2005, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA.