Cloud computing is a most the present progressing technology which enables the organizations or individuals to share various services in a seamless and cost-effective manner over the network on public/private networks using WAN, LAN or VPN. Virtualization, grid computing and utility computing are the most popular emerged technologies which are used in cloud computing and developed as a great technology to end users. The concept of virtualization is used as a technique which allows sharing of single physical instance of an application or resource among multiple organizations/tenant customers. A grid computing application is processor-intensive software that breaks up its processing into small chunk then each chunk is processed as an individual process and this is adopted in cloud computing. The main advantage with cloud computing is having utility computing concept which is Pay per Use model and also offers computational resources on demand as a metered service. In this paper, how cloud computing is evolved from the most popular technologies and the five essential characteristics/offerings of cloud computing application is presented in this paper. The various deployment, service models and challenges in cloud computing are addressed in this paper.
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