The South African species of Afrocamilla Barraclough, 1992 (Diptera: Schizophora), a genus of Camillidae associated with rock hyrax latrines

The South African species of Afrocamilla Barraclough, 1992, are revised on material collected and accumulated since 1990. At least seven species are recorded, and the identity of two additional putative species is left unresolved. Five new species are descriptionbed: artopenna KwaZulu-Natal); caralae (Eastern Cape); confusa (KwaZulu-Natal, Eastern Cape); elongata (KwaZulu-Natal, Eastern Cape); and sineseta (Northern Province, Mpumalanga, KwaZulu-Natal). A. armata (Hackman, 1960) is newly recorded from the Free State, KwaZulu-Natal, Eastern Cape, Western Cape and probably the Northern Cape; difficulties with marked intraspecific variation are discussed. A. stuckenbergi Barraclough, 1992, is newly recorded from the Eastern Cape. Both armata and stuckenbergi are redescriptionbed. An illustrated key to the seven named species is presented. The biology and ecology of the South African fauna is discussed, particularly its association with excrement of the rock hyrax Procavia capensis (Pallas). All species except artopenna sp. n. and sineseta sp. n. have been collected from hyrax excrement and occur sympatrically with other species. Species relationships are briefly discussed, and the fauna is provisionally divided into four groups. One of these groups, the armata-complex, contains four closely related species (armata (Hackman, 1960), elongata sp. n., adusta Barraclough, 1997 (Tanzania) and stuckenbergi Barraclough, 1992) which are reliably distinguished only by structures of the male terminalia. The male terminalia are illustrated and descriptionbed for each species. The ventral receptacle and spermathecae of stuckenbergi are descriptionbed, as are the ventral receptacles of armata and elongata. The unexpected size and radiation of the afrotropical fauna is briefly discussed.