NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF HUMAN SYSTEMIC ARTERIAL HEMODYNAMICS BASED ON A TRANSMISSION LINE MODEL AND RECURSIVE ALGORITHM

A novel recursive algorithm was proposed to calculate the input impedance of human systemic arterial tree, and to simulate the human systemic arterial hemodynamics with an 55 segment transmission line model. In calculation of input impedance, the structure of the arterial tree was expressed as a single linked list. An infinitesimal constant was used to replace 0 Hz frequency to calculate the DC and AC part of input impedance simultaneously. The input impedance at any point of the arterial tree can obtain easily by the proposed recursive algorithm. The results of input impedance are in accord with experimental data and other models' results. In addition, some comparisons were conducted about the effects of arterial compliance, length, internal radius and wall thickness on the input impedance of ascending aorta. The results showed input impedances of ascending aorta displayed significantly different characteristics for different kinds of parameters. Finally, the blood pressure and flow waveforms of all arterial segments were calculated and displayed in 3D. The arterial elasticity and viscosity were discussed by changing the Young's modulus and the phase difference, respectively. The simulation results showed that the blood pressure and flow waveforms of the arterial tree reflected accurately the main characteristic features of physiopathological changes, which demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed model.

[1]  Mostafa Rostami,et al.  Simulation of the cardiovascular system using equivalent electronic system. , 2006, Biomedical papers of the Medical Faculty of the University Palacky, Olomouc, Czechoslovakia.

[2]  John K-J Li,et al.  A Novel Wave Reflection Model of the Human Arterial System , 2009, Cardiovascular engineering.

[3]  H. Boom,et al.  The use of an analog computer in a circulation model. , 1963, Progress in cardiovascular diseases.

[4]  Pablo J. Blanco,et al.  Multidimensional modelling for the carotid artery blood flow , 2006 .

[5]  W E Walker,et al.  Input Impedance of the Systemic Circulation in Man , 1977, Circulation research.

[6]  S. Sherwin,et al.  Analysing the pattern of pulse waves in arterial networks: a time-domain study , 2009 .

[7]  J. Humphrey,et al.  Open Problems in Computational Vascular Biomechanics: Hemodynamics and Arterial Wall Mechanics. , 2009, Computer methods in applied mechanics and engineering.

[8]  N. Stergiopulos,et al.  Validation of a one-dimensional model of the systemic arterial tree. , 2009, American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology.

[9]  Arthur de Sá Ferreira,et al.  Three-section transmission-line arterial model for noninvasive assessment of vascular remodeling in primary hypertension , 2009, Biomed. Signal Process. Control..

[10]  K. Parker,et al.  Wave propagation in a model of the arterial circulation. , 2004, Journal of biomechanics.

[11]  M. G. Taylor,et al.  Use of Random Excitation and Spectral Analysis in the Study of Frequency‐Dependent Parameters of the Cardiovascular System , 1966, Circulation research.

[12]  M. G. Taylor,et al.  An Approach to an Analysis of the Arterial Pulse Wave I. Oscillations in an Attenuating Line , 1957, Physics in medicine and biology.

[13]  Berend E. Westerhof,et al.  The arterial Windkessel , 2009, Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing.

[14]  A P Avolio,et al.  Pressure wave propagation in a multibranched model of the human upper limb. , 1995, The American journal of physiology.

[15]  D. A. Mcdonald,et al.  The Hydrodynamics of the Arterial Circulation , 1959 .

[16]  D. F. Young,et al.  Computer simulation of arterial flow with applications to arterial and aortic stenoses. , 1992, Journal of biomechanics.

[17]  J. Y. Goulermas,et al.  The Windkessel model revisited: a qualitative analysis of the circulatory system. , 2009, Medical engineering & physics.

[18]  N. Chesler,et al.  Transmission line models to simulate the impedance of the uterine vasculature during the ovarian cycle and pregnancy. , 2009, European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology.

[19]  Alberto Avolio,et al.  Input impedance of distributed arterial structures as used in investigations of underlying concepts in arterial haemodynamics , 2009, Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing.

[20]  J. Womersley.  Oscillatory flow in arteries: the constrained elastic tube as a model of arterial flow and pulse transmission. , 1957, Physics in medicine and biology.

[21]  S. Sherwin,et al.  One-dimensional modelling of a vascular network in space-time variables , 2003 .

[22]  M. G. Taylor,et al.  An approach to an analysis of the arterial pulse wave. II. Fluid oscillations in an elastic pipe. , 1957, Physics in medicine and biology.

[23]  L. Suganthi,et al.  Hybrid Cardiopulmonary Model for Analysis of Valsalva Maneuver with Radial Artery Pulse , 2010, Annals of Biomedical Engineering.

[24]  A. Avolio,et al.  Multi-branched model of the human arterial system , 1980, Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing.

[25]  L. R. John.  Forward electrical transmission line model of the human arterial system , 2006, Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing.

[26]  Kamran Hassani,et al.  Mathematical Modelling and Electrical Analog Equivalent of the Human Cardiovascular System , 2010, Cardiovascular engineering.

[27]  D.J. Brown,et al.  Input impedance and reflection coefficient in fractal-like models of asymmetrically branching compliant tubes , 1996, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.

[28]  A Noordergraaf,et al.  Analog studies of the human systemic arterial tree. , 1969, Journal of biomechanics.

[29]  Ryutaro Himeno,et al.  Multi-scale modeling of the human cardiovascular system with applications to aortic valvular and arterial stenoses , 2009, Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing.