Growth and electrical properties of large size Pb(In1∕2Nb1∕2)O3–Pb(Mg1∕3Nb2∕3)O3–PbTiO3 crystals prepared by the vertical Bridgman technique

Relaxor-based ferroelectric single crystals Pb(In1∕2Nb1∕2)O3–Pb(Mg1∕3Nb2∕3)O3–PbTiO3 (PIMNT) have been grown directly from their melt using the vertical Bridgman method, and their boules have reached the size of ϕ45×80mm. The as-grown PIMNT28/40/32 crystals on the (001) cuts exhibit a dielectric constant e∼5200, dielectric loss tanδ∼0.50%, piezoelectric strain constant d33∼1700–2200pC∕N, electromechanical coupling factors kt∼0.61 and k33∼0.92, coercive field Ec∼10.88kV∕cm, remanent polarization Pr∼46μC∕cm2, Curie temperature TC∼192°C, and rhombohedral to tetragonal phase transition temperature Trt∼119°C. Moreover, their piezoelectric properties show good thermal stability under the heat treatment at 105°C.

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