RSCM: Region Selection and Concurrency Model for Multi-Class Weather Recognition

Toward weather condition recognition, we emphasize the importance of regional cues in this paper and address a few important problems regarding appropriate representation, its differentiation among regions, and weather-condition feature construction. Our major contribution is, first, to construct a multi-class benchmark data set containing 65 000 images from six common categories for sunny, cloudy, rainy, snowy, haze, and thunder weather. This data set also benefits weather classification and attribute recognition. Second, we propose a deep learning framework named region selection and concurrency model (RSCM) to help discover regional properties and concurrency. We evaluate RSCM on our multi-class benchmark data and another public data set for weather recognition.

[1]  Xiaoming Zheng,et al.  Weather Recognition Based on Images Captured by Vision System in Vehicle , 2009, ISNN.

[2]  Stephen Gould,et al.  Decomposing a scene into geometric and semantically consistent regions , 2009, 2009 IEEE 12th International Conference on Computer Vision.

[3]  Peter N. Belhumeur,et al.  POOF: Part-Based One-vs.-One Features for Fine-Grained Categorization, Face Verification, and Attribute Estimation , 2013, 2013 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition.

[4]  Cewu Lu,et al.  Learning Important Spatial Pooling Regions for Scene Classification , 2014, 2014 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition.

[5]  Ross B. Girshick,et al.  Fast R-CNN , 2015, 1504.08083.

[6]  Geoffrey E. Hinton,et al.  ImageNet classification with deep convolutional neural networks , 2012, Commun. ACM.

[7]  Yann LeCun,et al.  Learning a similarity metric discriminatively, with application to face verification , 2005, 2005 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR'05).

[8]  Trevor Darrell,et al.  Caffe: Convolutional Architecture for Fast Feature Embedding , 2014, ACM Multimedia.

[9]  Chih-Jen Lin,et al.  LIBLINEAR: A Library for Large Linear Classification , 2008, J. Mach. Learn. Res..

[10]  Fei-Fei Li,et al.  ImageNet: A large-scale hierarchical image database , 2009, 2009 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition.

[11]  John Platt,et al.  Probabilistic Outputs for Support vector Machines and Comparisons to Regularized Likelihood Methods , 1999 .

[12]  Y. Shirai,et al.  A View-Based Outdoor Navigation Using Object Recognition Robust to Changes of Weather and Seasons , 2005 .

[13]  Antonio Torralba,et al.  Modeling the Shape of the Scene: A Holistic Representation of the Spatial Envelope , 2001, International Journal of Computer Vision.

[14]  Jian Sun,et al.  ScribbleSup: Scribble-Supervised Convolutional Networks for Semantic Segmentation , 2016, 2016 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR).

[15]  Jian Sun,et al.  Instance-Aware Semantic Segmentation via Multi-task Network Cascades , 2015, 2016 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR).

[16]  Pedro F. Felzenszwalb,et al.  Reconfigurable models for scene recognition , 2012, 2012 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition.

[17]  F. Moosmann,et al.  Classification of weather situations on single color images , 2008, 2008 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium.

[18]  Andrew Zisserman,et al.  Very Deep Convolutional Networks for Large-Scale Image Recognition , 2014, ICLR.

[19]  J. Besag On the Statistical Analysis of Dirty Pictures , 1986 .

[20]  Jean Ponce,et al.  Discriminative clustering for image co-segmentation , 2010, 2010 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition.

[21]  Kristen Grauman,et al.  Just Noticeable Differences in Visual Attributes , 2015, 2015 IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV).

[22]  David A. McAllester,et al.  Object Detection with Discriminatively Trained Part Based Models , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence.

[23]  Krista A. Ehinger,et al.  SUN database: Large-scale scene recognition from abbey to zoo , 2010, 2010 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition.

[24]  Noah Snavely,et al.  Shadow Detection and Sun Direction in Photo Collections , 2015, 2015 International Conference on 3D Vision.

[25]  Cewu Lu,et al.  Deep LAC: Deep localization, alignment and classification for fine-grained recognition , 2015, 2015 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR).

[26]  Yihong Gong,et al.  Locality-constrained Linear Coding for image classification , 2010, 2010 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition.

[27]  Jan-Michael Frahm,et al.  Radiometric calibration with illumination change for outdoor scene analysis , 2008, 2008 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition.

[28]  Trevor Darrell,et al.  Part-Based R-CNNs for Fine-Grained Category Detection , 2014, ECCV.

[29]  Xiaogang Wang,et al.  Deep Learning Face Attributes in the Wild , 2014, 2015 IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV).

[30]  Nikos Paragios,et al.  Unsupervised co-segmentation through region matching , 2012, 2012 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition.

[31]  Bill Triggs,et al.  Histograms of oriented gradients for human detection , 2005, 2005 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR'05).

[32]  Alexei A. Efros,et al.  Estimating the Natural Illumination Conditions from a Single Outdoor Image , 2012, International Journal of Computer Vision.

[33]  Yihong Gong,et al.  Linear spatial pyramid matching using sparse coding for image classification , 2009, CVPR.

[34]  Cewu Lu,et al.  Two-Class Weather Classification , 2014, 2014 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition.

[35]  Stephen J. Wright Coordinate descent algorithms , 2015, Mathematical Programming.

[36]  Yann LeCun,et al.  Dimensionality Reduction by Learning an Invariant Mapping , 2006, 2006 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR'06).

[37]  Yann LeCun,et al.  Scene parsing with Multiscale Feature Learning, Purity Trees, and Optimal Covers , 2012, ICML.

[38]  Jean Ponce,et al.  Multi-class cosegmentation , 2012, 2012 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition.

[39]  Antonio Torralba,et al.  Nonparametric Scene Parsing via Label Transfer , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence.

[40]  Krista A. Ehinger,et al.  Basic level scene understanding: categories, attributes and structures , 2013, Front. Psychol..

[41]  Ahmed M. Elgammal,et al.  Weather classification with deep convolutional neural networks , 2015, 2015 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP).

[42]  Svetlana Lazebnik,et al.  Multi-scale Orderless Pooling of Deep Convolutional Activation Features , 2014, ECCV.

[43]  Zheng Zhang,et al.  Multi-class weather classification on single images , 2015, 2015 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP).

[44]  Cordelia Schmid,et al.  Beyond Bags of Features: Spatial Pyramid Matching for Recognizing Natural Scene Categories , 2006, 2006 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR'06).

[45]  Ce Liu,et al.  Scene Collaging: Analysis and Synthesis of Natural Images with Semantic Layers , 2013, 2013 IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision.