Risk-cost optimised maintenance strategy for tunnel structures

Due to limited maintenance budget, effectively spending the available funds for maintaining infrastructures is increasingly sought by asset managers. Tunnel is an essential infrastructure that plays a pivotal role in transportation network, economy, prosperity, social well-being, quality of life and the health of its population. In the light of considerable research that has been or is being undertaken on "aboveground" infrastructure, e.g. bridges, this threat cannot be more apparent for underground infrastructure such as tunnels. The situation has been exaccrbatcd due to more unknowns and uncertainties relating to the factors such as underground water and soil/rock that affect the operation of tunnel infrastructure. In an ageing tunnel system, various potential deficiencies such as seepage, spalling, crack, delamination, steel corrosion, drainage, convergence and settlement of the lining structure can cause catastrophic life safety and economic consequences. Most collapses of tunnel structures in the world are related to tunnel deterioration with catastrophic consequences. Through an effective maintenance plan, the catastrophic failures of tunnels can be prevented. This research aims to develop a maintenance strategy for concrete tunnels which determines when (maintenance intervention times), where (segments of tunnel network) and what (failure mode of tunnel structure) maintenance actions need to be taken to ensure the safe and serviceable operation of tunnel with the intention to minimise the risk. The mathematical formulation of the proposed maintenance strategy, which is based on risk optimisation, is provided in a generic format. Application of the proposal to tunnel structures is presented in a numerical example.

[1]  Mark G. Stewart,et al.  Structural reliability of concrete bridges including improved chloride-induced corrosion models , 2000 .

[2]  Palle Thoft-Christensen,et al.  Probability‐Based Bridge Inspection Strategy , 1993 .

[3]  C. Andrade,et al.  An Initial Effort to Use the Corrosion Rate Measurements for Estimating Rebar Durability , 1990 .

[4]  Nemkumar Banthia,et al.  Permeability of concrete with fiber reinforcement and service life predictions , 2008 .

[5]  Robert E. Melchers,et al.  Analytical Model for Corrosion-Induced Crack Width in Reinforced Concrete Structures , 2006 .

[6]  Chun-Qing Li,et al.  A Risk‐Cost Optimized Maintenance Strategy for Corrosion‐Affected Concrete Structures , 2007, Comput. Aided Civ. Infrastructure Eng..

[7]  Masahiro Shirato,et al.  Investigation of the Tunnel Ceiling Collapse in the Central Expressway in Japan , 2014 .

[8]  Jianhong Wang,et al.  Framework for maintenance management of shield tunnel using structural performance and life cycle cost as indicators , 2017, Life-Cycle of Structural Systems.

[9]  Yukinori Koyama,et al.  Present status and technology of shield tunneling method in Japan , 2003 .

[10]  C. Q. Li.  Life Cycle Modeling of Corrosion Affected Concrete Structures—Initiation , 2003 .

[11]  Dan M. Frangopol,et al.  Probabilistic models for life‐cycle performance of deteriorating structures: review and future directions , 2004 .

[12]  Dan M. Frangopol,et al.  Hazard-Based Optimum Lifetime Inspection and Repair Planning for Deteriorating Structures , 2013 .

[13]  Xiaomo Jiang,et al.  Probabilistic degradation modelling of circular tunnels assembled from segmental linings , 2016 .

[14]  Mark G. Stewart,et al.  Reliability-based assessment of ageing bridges using risk ranking and life cycle cost decision analyses , 2001, Reliab. Eng. Syst. Saf..

[15]  C. Q. Li,et al.  Outcrossings from Convex Polyhedrons for Nonstationary Gaussian Processes , 1993 .

[16]  Jiro Murata,et al.  Study on Watertightness of Concrete , 2004 .

[17]  Xian Liu,et al.  Predictive maintenance of shield tunnels , 2013 .

[18]  Rommert Dekker,et al.  Applications of maintenance optimization models : a review and analysis , 1996 .

[19]  Bruce R. Ellingwood,et al.  MAINTAINING RELIABILITY OF CONCRETE STRUCTURES. II: OPTIMUM INSPECTION/REPAIR , 1994 .

[20]  J. A. Richards.  Inspection, maintenance and repair of tunnels: International lessons and practice , 1998 .

[21]  Kalyanmoy Deb,et al.  Multi-objective optimization using evolutionary algorithms , 2001, Wiley-Interscience series in systems and optimization.

[22]  Richard E. Weyers,et al.  MODELING THE TIME-TO-CORROSION CRACKING IN CHLORIDE CONTAMINATED REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES , 1998 .

[23]  O. Ditlevsen.  Narrow Reliability Bounds for Structural Systems , 1979 .

[24]  Robert E. Melchers,et al.  Structural Reliability: Analysis and Prediction , 1987 .

[25]  J. G. Cabrera,et al.  Deterioration of concrete due to reinforcement steel corrosion , 1996 .

[26]  Keisuke Shimamoto,et al.  Prediction Method of Tunnel Deformation Using Time-dependent Ground Deterioration Model , 2009 .

[27]  Dan M. Frangopol,et al.  A General Framework for Probabilistic Risk-based Optimization of Life-cycle Management of Infrastructure Systems under Gradual and Sudden Deterioration , 2014 .

[28]  Shuchen Li,et al.  Study on the Defects Characteristics of Water Leaking of Old Tunnels in Cold Regions , 2011 .

[29]  Yoshiyuki Kojima,et al.  Tunnel maintenance in Japan , 2003 .

[30]  Jeom Kee Paik,et al.  Maintenance and repair scheme for corroded stiffened steel box girder bridges based on ultimate strength reliability and risk assessments , 2014 .

[31]  Raphael T. Haftka,et al.  The effect of ignoring dependence between failure modes on evaluating system reliability , 2015 .

[32]  Q Ai,et al.  The process of conducting condition based maintenance of tunnels , 2014 .

[33]  Henry A. Russell,et al.  INSPECTION POLICY AND PROCEDURES FOR RAIL TRANSIT TUNNELS AND UNDERGROUND STRUCTURES , 1997 .

[34]  Palle Thoft-Christensen,et al.  Optimal strategy for inspection and repair of structural systems , 1987 .

[35]  D. Darwin,et al.  Statistical Analysis of the Mechanical Properties and Weight of Reinforcing Bars , 2004 .