Physical properties and electrochemical performance of LiMn2O4 cathode materials prepared by a precipitation method

LiMn2O4 powder for lithium-ion batteries was prepared by a precipitation method, and the effects of calcination temperature on the physical properties and electrochemical performance of the samples were investigated by various methods. The results of X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed that the lattice parameter (a) and the unit cell volume (v) decrease with the increasing calcination temperature, and the LiMn2O4 sample calcined at 750°C has smaller particle size and higher crystallinity than other samples. The results of the electrochemical experiments showed that the sample calcined at 750°C has larger peak currents, higher initial capacity, and better cycling capability, because of its lower charge-transfer resistance and larger diffusion coefficient of Li+ ions than those of other samples.

[1]  Xin Hai Li,et al.  Synthesis and characterization of LiMn2O4 powders by the combustion-assisted sol-gel technique , 2004 .

[2]  J. Tarascon,et al.  Li Metal‐Free Rechargeable Batteries Based on Li1 + x Mn2 O 4 Cathodes ( 0 ≤ x ≤ 1 ) and Carbon Anodes , 1991 .

[3]  M. Yoshio,et al.  Optimization of Spinel Li1 + x Mn2 − y O 4 as a 4 V Li‐Cell Cathode in Terms of a Li‐Mn‐O Phase Diagram , 1997 .

[4]  M. Nakayama,et al.  Grain size control of LiMn2O4 cathode material using microwave synthesis method , 2003 .

[5]  Chung‐Hsin Lu,et al.  Emulsion-derived lithium manganese oxide powder for positive electrodes in lithium-ion batteries , 2001 .

[6]  D. Guyomard,et al.  Electrochemical Synthesis of Beta- and Gamma-Manganese Dioxides under Hydrothermal Conditions , 2001 .

[7]  Michael M. Thackeray,et al.  Improved capacity retention in rechargeable 4 V lithium/lithium- manganese oxide (spinel) cells , 1994 .

[8]  T. Richardson,et al.  FTIR spectroscopy of metal oxide insertion electrodes: thermally induced phase transitions in LixMn2O4 spinels , 1996 .

[9]  Yang‐Kook Sun.  Synthesis and electrochemical studies of spinel Li1.03Mn2O4 cathode materials prepared by a sol-gel method for lithium secondary batteries , 1997 .

[10]  D. Guyomard,et al.  One-Step Electrochemical Synthesis of α ­ MnO2 and α ⋅ γ ­ MnO2 Compounds for Lithium Batteries , 2001 .

[11]  Kwang-Taek Hwang,et al.  Powder synthesis and electrochemical properties of LiMn2O4 prepared by an emulsion-drying method , 1998 .

[12]  P. Bruce,et al.  A 4 V Lithium Manganese Oxide Cathode for Rocking‐Chair Lithium‐Ion Cells , 1994 .

[13]  Bruce Dunn,et al.  Synthesis and Electrochemical Studies of Spinel Phase LiMn2 O 4 Cathode Materials Prepared by the Pechini Process , 1996 .

[14]  M. Eddrief,et al.  Physical properties of LiMn2O4 spinel prepared at moderate temperature , 1998 .

[15]  G. Farrington,et al.  Electrochemical Characteristics of Spinel Phase LiMn2 O 4‐Based Cathode Materials Prepared by the Pechini Process Influence of Firing Temperature and Dopants , 1996 .

[16]  D. Aurbach,et al.  The mechanism of lithium intercalation in graphite film electrodes in aprotic media. Part 2. Potentiostatic intermittent titration and in situ XRD studies of the solid-state ionic diffusion , 1997 .

[17]  S. Ye,et al.  Synthesis and electrochemical properties of LiMn2O4 spinel phase with nanostructure , 2004 .

[18]  J. Tarascon,et al.  THE SPINEL PHASE OF LIMN2O4 AS A CATHODE IN SECONDARY LITHIUM CELLS , 1991 .

[19]  D. Aurbach,et al.  Impedance of a Single Intercalation Particle and of Non-Homogeneous, Multilayered Porous Composite Electrodes for Li-ion Batteries , 2004 .

[20]  D. Aurbach,et al.  Common Electroanalytical Behavior of Li Intercalation Processes into Graphite and Transition Metal Oxides , 1998 .

[21]  J. Goodenough,et al.  Li[Mn2]O4 spinel cathode material showing no capacity fading in the 3 V range , 2000 .

[22]  P. Novák,et al.  Characterization of Layered Lithium Nickel Manganese Oxides Synthesized by a Novel Oxidative Coprecipitation Method and Their Electrochemical Performance as Lithium Insertion Electrode Materials , 1998 .

[23]  K. Amine,et al.  A New Three‐Volt Spinel Li1 + x Mn1.5Ni0.5 O 4 for Secondary Lithium Batteries , 1996 .

[24]  Tsutomu Ohzuku,et al.  Electrochemistry of Manganese Dioxide in Lithium Nonaqueous Cell , 1990 .

[25]  D. Aurbach,et al.  SIMULTANEOUS MEASUREMENTS AND MODELING OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL IMPEDANCE AND THE CYCLIC VOLTAMMETRIC CHARACTERISTICS OF GRAPHITE ELECTRODES DOPED WITH LITHIUM , 1997 .

[26]  F. Alloin,et al.  Influence of pressure on ionic transport in amorphous electrolytes: Comparison between glasses and salt polymer complexes , 1998 .

[27]  J. Goodenough,et al.  Chemical and Magnetic Characterization of Spinel Materials in the LiMn2O4–Li2Mn4O9–Li4Mn5O12System , 1996 .

[28]  Ping Yu,et al.  Determination of the Lithium Ion Diffusion Coefficient in Graphite , 1999 .

[29]  Tsutomu Ohzuku,et al.  Electrochemistry of manganese dioxide in lithium nonaqueous cell. I: X-ray diffractional study on the reduction of electrolytic manganese dioxide , 1990 .

[30]  A. Yamada,et al.  Electric states of spinel LixMn2O4 as a cathode of the rechargeable battery , 1996 .

[31]  M. Yoshio,et al.  High Surface Area Electromigration Damage for 3 V Li‐Cell Cathodes , 1995 .

[32]  G. Nazri,et al.  Vibrational spectroscopy and electrochemical properties of LiNi0.7Co0.3O2 cathode material for rechargeable lithium batteries , 1997 .

[33]  Chung-Hsin Lu,et al.  Influence of the particle size on the electrochemical properties of lithium manganese oxide , 2001 .

[34]  Manming Yan,et al.  Submicro-sized LiMn2O4 prepared by a sol–gel, spray-drying method , 2003 .

[35]  Doron Aurbach,et al.  Solid‐State Electrochemical Kinetics of Li‐Ion Intercalation into Li1 − x CoO2: Simultaneous Application of Electroanalytical Techniques SSCV, PITT, and EIS , 1999 .