The ENTH domain

The epsin NH2‐terminal homology (ENTH) domain is a membrane interacting module composed by a superhelix of α‐helices. It is present at the NH2‐terminus of proteins that often contain consensus sequences for binding to clathrin coat components and their accessory factors, and therefore function as endocytic adaptors. ENTH domain containing proteins have additional roles in signaling and actin regulation and may have yet other actions in the nucleus. The ENTH domain is structurally similar to the VHS domain. These domains define two families of adaptor proteins which function in membrane traffic and whose interaction with membranes is regulated, in part, by phosphoinositides.

[1]  J. Bonifacino,et al.  Sorting of Mannose 6-Phosphate Receptors Mediated by the GGAs , 2001, Science.

[2]  P. Camilli,et al.  Accessory factors in clathrin-dependent synaptic vesicle endocytosis , 2000, Nature Reviews Neuroscience.

[3]  H. Riezman,et al.  End4p/Sla2p interacts with actin-associated proteins for endocytosis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. , 1997, Molecular biology of the cell.

[4]  Pier Paolo Di Fiore,et al.  Epsin is an EH-domain-binding protein implicated in clathrin-mediated endocytosis , 1998, Nature.

[5]  P. Hwang,et al.  Molecular Structures of Proteins Involved in Vesicle Fusion , 2000, Traffic.

[6]  C. Müller,et al.  Structure of importin-β bound to the IBB domain of importin-α , 1999, Nature.

[7]  P. De Camilli,et al.  The Epsins Define a Family of Proteins That Interact with Components of the Clathrin Coat and Contain a New Protein Module* , 1999, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[8]  H. Lehrach,et al.  The huntingtin interacting protein HIP1 is a clathrin and alpha-adaptin-binding protein involved in receptor-mediated endocytosis. , 2001, Human molecular genetics.

[9]  Veli Pekka Lehto,et al.  VHS domain – a longshoreman of vesicle lines , 2002, FEBS letters.

[10]  S. Davanger,et al.  Hrs-2 Regulates Receptor-mediated Endocytosis via Interactions with Eps15* , 2000, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[11]  P. Pelicci,et al.  The Eps15 C. elegans homologue EHS-1 is implicated in synaptic vesicle recycling , 2001, Nature Cell Biology.

[12]  V. Lehto,et al.  Binding of GGA2 to the Lysosomal Enzyme Sorting Motif of the Mannose 6-Phosphate Receptor , 2001, Science.

[13]  E. Eisenberg,et al.  Role of Cyclin G-associated Kinase in Uncoating Clathrin-coated Vesicles from Non-neuronal Cells* , 2000, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[14]  S. Bohlander,et al.  Clathrin assembly lymphoid myeloid leukemia (CALM) protein: localization in endocytic-coated pits, interactions with clathrin, and the impact of overexpression on clathrin-mediated traffic. , 1999, Molecular biology of the cell.

[15]  G Cesareni,et al.  Binding specificity and in vivo targets of the EH domain, a novel protein-protein interaction module. , 1997, Genes & development.

[16]  O. Lohi,et al.  EAST, a novel EGF receptor substrate, associates with focal adhesions and actin fibers , 1998, FEBS letters.

[17]  D. Owen,et al.  Structural insights into clathrin-mediated endocytosis. , 2000, Current opinion in cell biology.

[18]  D. Drubin,et al.  In vivo role for actin-regulating kinases in endocytosis and yeast epsin phosphorylation. , 2001, Molecular biology of the cell.

[19]  David G. Drubin,et al.  The actin-binding protein Hip1R associates with clathrin during early stages of endocytosis and promotes clathrin assembly in vitro , 2001, The Journal of cell biology.

[20]  M. Arpin,et al.  The junction-associated protein, zonula occludens-1, localizes to the nucleus before the maturation and during the remodeling of cell-cell contacts. , 1996, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[21]  M. Lutzner Fifth International Congress for Electron Microscopy , 1963 .

[22]  L Gan,et al.  HIP1 Functions in Clathrin-mediated Endocytosis through Binding to Clathrin and Adaptor Protein 2* , 2001, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[23]  L. Minichiello,et al.  eps15, a novel tyrosine kinase substrate, exhibits transforming activity , 1993, Molecular and cellular biology.

[24]  L. Traub,et al.  Clathrin- and AP-2-binding Sites in HIP1 Uncover a General Assembly Role for Endocytic Accessory Proteins* , 2001, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[25]  S. Egan,et al.  The EH and SH3 domain Ese proteins regulate endocytosis by linking to dynamin and Eps15 , 1999, The EMBO journal.

[26]  P. P. Di Fiore,et al.  Nucleocytoplasmic Shuttling of Endocytic Proteins , 2001, The Journal of cell biology.

[27]  M. A. Downs,et al.  Epsin Binds to Clathrin by Associating Directly with the Clathrin-terminal Domain , 2000, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[28]  N. Tanaka,et al.  STAM, signal transducing adaptor molecule, is associated with Janus kinases and involved in signaling for cell growth and c-myc induction. , 1997, Immunity.

[29]  E. Jorgensen,et al.  UNC-11, a Caenorhabditis elegans AP180 homologue, regulates the size and protein composition of synaptic vesicles. , 1999, Molecular biology of the cell.

[30]  J. Lohi,et al.  Epsin 3 Is a Novel Extracellular Matrix-induced Transcript Specific to Wounded Epithelia* , 2001, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[31]  S. Confalonieri,et al.  The Eps15 homology (EH) domain , 2002, FEBS letters.

[32]  P R Evans,et al.  Simultaneous binding of PtdIns(4,5)P2 and clathrin by AP180 in the nucleation of clathrin lattices on membranes. , 2001, Science.

[33]  H. Bellen,et al.  Synaptic Vesicle Size and Number Are Regulated by a Clathrin Adaptor Protein Required for Endocytosis , 1998, Neuron.

[34]  J. Bonifacino,et al.  Association of the AP-3 adaptor complex with clathrin. , 1998, Science.

[35]  Brian A. Hemmings,et al.  The Structure of the Protein Phosphatase 2A PR65/A Subunit Reveals the Conformation of Its 15 Tandemly Repeated HEAT Motifs , 1999, Cell.

[36]  I. Gaidarov,et al.  Phosphoinositide–Ap-2 Interactions Required for Targeting to Plasma Membrane Clathrin-Coated Pits , 1999, The Journal of cell biology.

[37]  J. Hurley,et al.  Structure of the VHS domain of human Tom1 (target of myb 1): insights into interactions with proteins and membranes. , 2000, Biochemistry.

[38]  A. Aplin,et al.  Regulation of nucleocytoplasmic trafficking by cell adhesion receptors and the cytoskeleton , 2001, The Journal of cell biology.

[39]  M. Sheng,et al.  Nuclear translocation and transcription regulation by the membrane-associated guanylate kinase CASK/LIN-2 , 2000, Nature.

[40]  G. Blobel,et al.  Structure of the nuclear transport complex karyopherin-β2–Ran˙GppNHp , 1999, Nature.

[41]  O. Lohi,et al.  VHS domain marks a group of proteins involved in endocytosis and vesicular trafficking , 1998, FEBS letters.

[42]  J. Bonifacino,et al.  The GGAs Promote ARF-Dependent Recruitment of Clathrin to the TGN , 2001, Cell.

[43]  L. Castagnoli,et al.  Intersectin, a Novel Adaptor Protein with Two Eps15 Homology and Five Src Homology 3 Domains* , 1998, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[44]  L. Hicke A New Ticket for Entry into Budding Vesicles—Ubiquitin , 2001, Cell.

[45]  Rein Aasland,et al.  The phosphatidylinositol 3‐phosphate‐binding FYVE finger , 2002, FEBS letters.

[46]  S. Emr,et al.  Identification of a novel domain shared by putative components of the endocytic and cytoskeletal machinery , 2008, Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society.

[47]  S. Emr,et al.  Ubiquitin-Dependent Sorting into the Multivesicular Body Pathway Requires the Function of a Conserved Endosomal Protein Sorting Complex, ESCRT-I , 2001, Cell.

[48]  Florante A. Quiocho,et al.  Crystal Structure of the VHS and FYVE Tandem Domains of Hrs, a Protein Involved in Membrane Trafficking and Signal Transduction , 2000, Cell.

[49]  Richard G. W. Anderson,et al.  The Appendage Domain of α-Adaptin Is a High Affinity Binding Site for Dynamin (*) , 1995, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[50]  J. Bonifacino,et al.  Adaptins: the final recount. , 2001, Molecular biology of the cell.

[51]  M. Lindsay,et al.  GGAs: roles of the different domains and comparison with AP-1 and clathrin. , 2001, Molecular biology of the cell.

[52]  L. Zheng,et al.  AP180 and AP-2 Interact Directly in a Complex That Cooperatively Assembles Clathrin* , 1999, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[53]  P R Evans,et al.  The structure and function of the β2‐adaptin appendage domain , 2000, The EMBO journal.

[54]  M. Bembenek,et al.  Inhibition of Clathrin Assembly by High Affinity Binding of Specific Inositol Polyphosphates to the Synapse-specific Clathrin Assembly Protein AP-3 (*) , 1995, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[55]  G. Crabtree,et al.  Searching for a function for nuclear actin. , 2000, Trends in cell biology.

[56]  M. Hayden,et al.  An Actin-Binding Protein of the Sla2/Huntingtin Interacting Protein 1 Family Is a Novel Component of Clathrin-Coated Pits and Vesicles , 1999, The Journal of cell biology.

[57]  L Shapiro,et al.  G-Protein Signaling Through Tubby Proteins , 2001, Science.

[58]  A. Iwamatsu,et al.  Small G protein Ral and its downstream molecules regulate endocytosis of EGF and insulin receptors , 1999, The EMBO journal.

[59]  P. McPherson,et al.  EH domain-dependent interactions between Eps15 and clathrin-coated vesicle protein p95. , 1998, Biochemical and biophysical research communications.

[60]  W. V. D. Van de Ven,et al.  LPP, an actin cytoskeleton protein related to zyxin, harbors a nuclear export signal and transcriptional activation capacity. , 2000, Molecular biology of the cell.

[61]  R. Piper,et al.  Ubiquitin Sorts Proteins into the Intralumenal Degradative Compartment of the Late‐Endosome/Vacuole , 2001, Traffic.

[62]  C. Der,et al.  Splice Variants of Intersectin Are Components of the Endocytic Machinery in Neurons and Nonneuronal Cells* , 1999, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[63]  P. De Camilli,et al.  Epsin 1 Undergoes Nucleocytosolic Shuttling and Its Eps15 Interactor Nh2-Terminal Homology (Enth) Domain, Structurally Similar to Armadillo and Heat Repeats, Interacts with the Transcription Factor Promyelocytic Leukemia Zn2+ Finger Protein (Plzf) , 2000, The Journal of cell biology.

[64]  P. De Camilli,et al.  The Interaction of Epsin and Eps15 with the Clathrin Adaptor AP-2 Is Inhibited by Mitotic Phosphorylation and Enhanced by Stimulation-dependent Dephosphorylation in Nerve Terminals* , 1999, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[65]  E. Ungewickell,et al.  Clathrin-associated proteins of bovine brain coated vesicles. An analysis of their number and assembly-promoting activity. , 1992, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[66]  S. Emr,et al.  Yeast epsins contain an essential N‐terminal ENTH domain, bind clathrin and are required for endocytosis , 1999, The EMBO journal.

[67]  D. Drubin,et al.  Synthetic-lethal interactions identify two novel genes, SLA1 and SLA2, that control membrane cytoskeleton assembly in Saccharomyces cerevisiae , 1993, The Journal of cell biology.

[68]  Mats Wahlgren,et al.  Developmental selection of var gene expression in Plasmodium falciparum , 1998, Nature.

[69]  T. Kigawa,et al.  Role of the ENTH domain in phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate binding and endocytosis. , 2001, Science.

[70]  William I. Weis,et al.  Three-Dimensional Structure of the Armadillo Repeat Region of β-Catenin , 1997, Cell.

[71]  L. Falquet,et al.  A ubiquitin-interacting motif conserved in components of the proteasomal and lysosomal protein degradation systems. , 2001, Trends in biochemical sciences.

[72]  Weilan Ye,et al.  Bacterially expressed F1‐20/AP‐3 assembles clathrin into cages with a narrow size distribution: Implications for the regulation of quantal size during neurotransmission , 1995, Journal of neuroscience research.

[73]  G. Augustine,et al.  A Conserved Clathrin Assembly Motif Essential for Synaptic Vesicle Endocytosis , 2000, The Journal of Neuroscience.

[74]  F. Quiocho,et al.  A Novel All Helix Fold of the AP180 Amino-Terminal Domain for Phosphoinositide Binding and Clathrin Assembly in Synaptic Vesicle Endocytosis , 2001, Cell.

[75]  David G. Drubin,et al.  Novel Protein Kinases Ark1p and Prk1p Associate with and Regulate the Cortical Actin Cytoskeleton in Budding Yeast , 1999, The Journal of cell biology.

[76]  M Marsh,et al.  The structural era of endocytosis. , 1999, Science.

[77]  Scott D. Emr,et al.  Pan1p, Yeast eps15, Functions as a Multivalent Adaptor That Coordinates Protein–Protein Interactions Essential for Endocytosis , 1998, The Journal of cell biology.

[78]  P. De Camilli,et al.  Epidermal growth factor pathway substrate 15, Eps15. , 1999, The international journal of biochemistry & cell biology.

[79]  M. Kirschner,et al.  Systematic identification of mitotic phosphoproteins , 1997, Current Biology.

[80]  A L Cadavid,et al.  The function of the Drosophila fat facets deubiquitinating enzyme in limiting photoreceptor cell number is intimately associated with endocytosis. , 2000, Development.