论文信息 - P-Values are Random Variables

P-Values are Random Variables

P-values are taught in introductory statistics classes in a way that confuses many of the students, leading to common misconceptions about their meaning. In this article, we argue that p-values should be taught through simulation, emphasizing that p-values are random variables. By means of elementary examples we illustrate how to teach students valid interpretations of p-values and give them a deeper understanding of hypothesis testing.

D. Murdoch | Yu-Ling Tsai | J. Adcock

[1] W. Meredith,et al. Statistics and Data Analysis , 1974 .

[2] J. Rice. Mathematical Statistics and Data Analysis , 1988 .

[3] M. Schervish. P Values: What They are and What They are Not , 1996 .

[4] P. Westfall,et al. Multiple Tests with Discrete Distributions , 1997 .

[5] Rafe M. J. Donahue,et al. A Note on Information Seldom Reported via the P Value , 1999 .

[6] E. Samuel-Cahn,et al. P Values as Random Variables—Expected P Values , 1999 .

[7] Melinda Miller Holt,et al. Statistics and Data Analysis From Elementary to Intermediate , 2001, Technometrics.

[8] M. J. Bayarri,et al. Confusion Over Measures of Evidence (p's) Versus Errors (α's) in Classical Statistical Testing , 2003 .

[9] John D. Storey,et al. Statistical significance for genomewide studies , 2003, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[10] John D. Storey,et al. Statistical Significance for Genome-Wide Studies , 2003 .