WHO EMRO | Prevalence of self-medication in university students: systematic review and meta-analysis PDF version

Background: Self-medication can lead to serious consequences but its overall prevalence in students is not known. Aims: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of self-medication in students through a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies on the prevalence of self-medication in students across the world.

[1]  Salmeen D Babelghaith,et al.  Self-medication with antibiotics in Saudi Arabia , 2018, Saudi pharmaceutical journal : SPJ : the official publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society.

[2]  R. Helal,et al.  Self-Medication in University Students from the City of Mansoura, Egypt , 2017, Journal of environmental and public health.

[3]  R. Al-Ameri,et al.  Prevalence of self-medication among university students in Baghdad: a cross-sectional study from Iraq. , 2017, Eastern Mediterranean health journal = La revue de sante de la Mediterranee orientale = al-Majallah al-sihhiyah li-sharq al-mutawassit.

[4]  M. Sayeed,et al.  Evaluation of Self Medication among Students from Different Universities in Chittagong, Bangladesh , 2017 .

[5]  Dessalegn Asmelashe Gelayee Self-Medication Pattern among Social Science University Students in Northwest Ethiopia , 2017, Journal of pharmaceutics.

[6]  Mooataz Aashi,et al.  Self-medication among medical student in King Abdul-Aziz University , 2016 .

[7]  Zainab Hakami,et al.  Self-medication practice among undergraduate medical students of a Saudi tertiary institution , 2016 .

[8]  S. Budhathoki,et al.  Self-prescription of Paracetamol by Undergraduate Students in BP Koirala Institution of Health Sciences. , 2016, JNMA; journal of the Nepal Medical Association.

[9]  Y. Gupta,et al.  Self-medication practice and factors influencing it among medical and paramedical students in India: A two-period comparative cross-sectional study , 2016, Journal of natural science, biology, and medicine.

[10]  S. Jamshed,et al.  Self-medication practices among female students of higher educational institutions in Selangor, Malaysia: A quantitative insight , 2016, Journal of pharmacy & bioallied sciences.

[11]  M. Kumaraswamy,et al.  SELF MEDICATION PRACTICE AMONG MEDICAL, PHARMACY AND NURSING STUDENTS , 2016 .

[12]  K. Crawford,et al.  Self-medication practices among undergraduate nursing and midwifery students in Australia: a cross-sectional study , 2016, Contemporary nurse.

[13]  B. Sathian,et al.  Self-medication practice among preclinical university students in a medical school from the city of Pokhara, Nepal , 2016, Nepal journal of epidemiology.

[14]  Zenahebezu Abay,et al.  Management of headache and associated factors among undergraduate medicine and health science students of University of Gondar, North West Ethiopia , 2016, The Journal of Headache and Pain.

[15]  M. Alkhatatbeh,et al.  High prevalence of self-medication practices among medical and pharmacy students: a study from Jordan. , 2016, International journal of clinical pharmacology and therapeutics.

[16]  K. Jamshidi,et al.  The Prevalence and Affecting Factors on Self-Medication Among Students of Kermanshah University of Medical Science in 2014. , 2016, Journal of clinical and diagnostic research : JCDR.

[17]  Anderson Iuras,et al.  Prevalência da automedicação entre estudantes da Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (Brasil) , 2016 .

[18]  Z. Saleem,et al.  Antibiotic Self-Prescribing Trends, Experiences and Attitudes in Upper Respiratory Tract Infection among Pharmacy and Non-Pharmacy Students: A Study from Lahore , 2016, PloS one.

[19]  A. Sajjad,et al.  Frequency, character and predisposing factor of headache among students of medical college of Karachi. , 2016, JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association.

[20]  Rahim Jindani,et al.  Practices of self-medication with antibiotics among nursing students of Institute of Nursing, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan. , 2016, JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association.

[21]  R. Uddin,et al.  Self-medication among medical and pharmacy students in Bangladesh , 2015, BMC Research Notes.

[22]  A. Moosavi,et al.  Prevalence and Cause of Self-Medication in Iran: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Article , 2015, Iranian journal of public health.

[23]  R. Saya,et al.  Perceptions and practices of self-medication in healthcare and nonhealthcare university students in South India , 2015, Journal of basic and clinical physiology and pharmacology.

[24]  D. Akena,et al.  Household antimicrobial self-medication: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the burden, risk factors and outcomes in developing countries , 2015, BMC Public Health.

[25]  M. Silva,et al.  Prevalence of self-medication in the adult population of Brazil: a systematic review , 2015, Revista de saude publica.

[26]  B. Ramay,et al.  Comparing antibiotic self-medication in two socio-economic groups in Guatemala City: a descriptive cross-sectional study , 2015, BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology.

[27]  E. Konozy,et al.  Antibiotics self-medication among medical and nonmedical students at two prominent Universities in Benghazi City, Libya , 2015, Journal of pharmacy & bioallied sciences.

[28]  M. Kadir,et al.  Self-medication with antibiotics among non-medical university students of Karachi: a cross-sectional study , 2014, BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology.

[29]  T. Pekmezović,et al.  Self-Medication Practices and Risk Factors for Self-Medication among Medical Students in Belgrade, Serbia , 2014, PloS one.

[30]  J. Santoshkumar,et al.  Self-medication practice and perceptions among undergraduate medical students: a cross-sectional study. , 2014, Journal of clinical and diagnostic research : JCDR.

[31]  F. Mostafavi,et al.  Self-medication among students in Isfahan University of Medical Sciences based on Health Belief Model , 2014, Journal of education and health promotion.

[32]  Rajaa Al-Raddadi,et al.  Self-medication with analgesics among medical students and interns in King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia , 2014, Pakistan journal of medical sciences.

[33]  I. Singh,et al.  Robust Resilience and Substantial Interest: A Survey of Pharmacological Cognitive Enhancement among University Students in the UK and Ireland , 2014, PloS one.

[34]  Y. Al-Worafi,et al.  Perception of self-medication among university students in Saudi Arabia , 2014 .

[35]  A. Agarwal,et al.  A systematic review of self-medication practices among adolescents. , 2014, The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine.

[36]  M. Jiang,et al.  Knowledge, attitudes and practices concerning self‐medication with antibiotics among university students in western China , 2014, Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH.

[37]  J. E. Martinez,et al.  Study of self-medication for musculoskeletal pain among nursing and medicine students at Pontifícia Universidade Católica - São Paulo. , 2014, Revista brasileira de reumatologia.

[38]  Darshana Bennadi Self-medication: A current challenge , 2013, Journal of basic and clinical pharmacy.

[39]  Kamran,et al.  CONDITIONS, FREQUENCIES, AND SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS LEADING SELF MEDICATION PRACTICE IN SARGODHA AREA OF PUNJAB PAKISTAN , 2013 .

[40]  G. Murtaza,et al.  Evaluation of self-medication amongst university students in Abbottabad, Pakistan; prevalence, attitude and causes. , 2013, Acta poloniae pharmaceutica.

[41]  T. Kanchan,et al.  Perceptions and Practices of Self-Medication among Medical Students in Coastal South India , 2013, PloS one.

[42]  Michael J. González,et al.  Non-medical use of prescription drugs and its association with socio-demographic characteristics, dietary pattern, and perceived academic load and stress in college students in Puerto Rico. , 2013, Puerto Rico health sciences journal.

[43]  A. Khalafi,et al.  To Identify Self-medication Practice among Medical Students of Tehran University of Medical Science , 2013 .

[44]  O. Ibrahim,et al.  EVALUATION OF SELF-MEDICATION AMONG PHARMACY STUDENTS , 2012 .

[45]  Dayani Galato,et al.  Automedicação em estudantes universitários: a influência da área de formação , 2012 .

[46]  A. Lamikanra,et al.  A Study of the Prevalence of Self-Medication Practice among University Students in Southwestern Nigeria , 2012 .

[47]  Patience B. Tetteh-Quarcoo,et al.  Self-Medication Practices with Antibiotics among Tertiary Level Students in Accra, Ghana: A Cross-Sectional Study , 2012, International journal of environmental research and public health.

[48]  F. Blyth,et al.  Assessing risk of bias in prevalence studies: modification of an existing tool and evidence of interrater agreement. , 2012, Journal of clinical epidemiology.

[49]  J. Farrar,et al.  Prior Knowledge, Older Age, and Higher Allowance Are Risk Factors for Self-Medication with Antibiotics among University Students in Southern China , 2012, PloS one.

[50]  S. Tabiei,et al.  Self-medication with drug amongst university students of Birjand , 2012 .

[51]  A. L. Muccillo-Baisch,et al.  Self-medication in university students from the city of Rio Grande, Brazil , 2012, BMC Public Health.

[52]  A. Auta,et al.  Medicines in Pharmacy Students’ Residence and Self-medication Practices , 2012, Journal of young pharmacists : JYP.

[53]  I Banerjee,et al.  Self-medication practice among undergraduate medical students in a tertiary care medical college, West Bengal. , 2012, Journal of postgraduate medicine.

[54]  A. Yousef,et al.  A cross-sectional study on knowledge , attitude and behavior related to antibiotic use and resistance among medical and non-medical university students in Jordan , 2012 .

[55]  J. Kersnik,et al.  The effect of demographic characteristics on self-medication patterns: a cross-sectional nationwide study from Slovenia. , 2011, Collegium antropologicum.

[56]  H. S. Ez-elarab,et al.  Knowledge , attitude and practice of medical students towards self medication at Ain Shams University , Egypt , 2012 .

[57]  R. Stosic,et al.  Responsible self‐medication: perceived risks and benefits of over‐the‐counter analgesic use , 2011, The International journal of pharmacy practice.

[58]  J. Kersnik,et al.  A cross sectional study of sex differences in self-medication practices among university students in Slovenia. , 2011, Collegium antropologicum.

[59]  H. Yasmin,et al.  An Assessment of the Health Behaviors of Dorm Students in Bangladesh , 2011 .

[60]  L. V. Pereira,et al.  The prevalence and characterization of self-medication for obtaining pain relief among undergraduate nursing students. , 2011, Revista latino-americana de enfermagem.

[61]  Shauna J. Sweet,et al.  Self-medication with antibiotics for the treatment of menstrual symptoms in southwest Nigeria: a cross-sectional study , 2010, BMC public health.

[62]  S. Abay,et al.  Assessment of Self-Medication Practices Among Medical, Pharmacy, and Health Science Students in Gondar University, Ethiopia , 2010, Journal of young pharmacists : JYP.

[63]  J. Kersnik,et al.  Self-Medication among Healthcare and Non-Healthcare Students at University of Ljubljana, Slovenia , 2010, Medical Principles and Practice.

[64]  Dayani Galato,et al.  Responsible self-medication: review of the process of pharmaceutical attendance , 2009 .

[65]  A. Arzi,et al.  Self Medication with Antibiotics, Is it a Problem among Iranian College Students in Tehran? , 2009 .

[66]  J. Ioannidis,et al.  The PRISMA Statement for Reporting Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses of Studies That Evaluate Health Care Interventions: Explanation and Elaboration , 2009, Annals of Internal Medicine [serial online].

[67]  Albert Figueras,et al.  Self-Medication in Older Urban Mexicans , 2009, Drugs & Aging.

[68]  S. Zyoud,et al.  Self-therapy practices among university students in Palestine: focus on herbal remedies. , 2008, Complementary therapies in medicine.

[69]  A. Sawalha A descriptive study of self-medication practices among Palestinian medical and nonmedical university students. , 2008, Research in social & administrative pharmacy : RSAP.

[70]  S. Saleem,et al.  Self-medication amongst university students of Karachi: prevalence, knowledge and attitudes. , 2008, JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association.

[71]  A. Awad,et al.  Self-Medication Practices with Antibiotics and Antimalarials Among Sudanese Undergraduate University Students , 2007, The Annals of pharmacotherapy.

[72]  J. Thistlethwaite,et al.  Behaviour of medical students in seeking mental and physical health care: exploration and comparison with psychology students , 2007, Medical education.

[73]  R. Sequeira,et al.  Evaluation of the Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Self-Medication among First-Year Medical Students , 2006, Medical Principles and Practice.

[74]  D. West,et al.  Patient valuation of pharmacist services for self care with OTC medications , 2005, Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics.

[75]  M. Jones,et al.  Where students go when they are ill: how medical students access health care , 2005, Medical education.

[76]  S. McCabe,et al.  Illicit use of prescription pain medication among college students. , 2005, Drug and alcohol dependence.

[77]  J. Cabrita,et al.  Patterns and determinants of psychoactive drug use in Lisbon University students – a population-based study , 2004, Pharmacy World and Science.

[78]  M. Hernández‐Juyol,et al.  Dentistry and self-medication: a current challenge. , 2002, Medicina oral : organo oficial de la Sociedad Espanola de Medicina Oral y de la Academia Iberoamericana de Patologia y Medicina Bucal.

[79]  P. Partha,et al.  Self-medication and non-doctor prescription practices in Pokhara valley, Western Nepal: a questionnaire-based study , 2002, BMC family practice.

[80]  S. Thompson,et al.  Quantifying heterogeneity in a meta‐analysis , 2002, Statistics in medicine.

[81]  J. Baños,et al.  How does the general population treat their pain? A survey in Catalonia, Spain. , 2002, Journal of pain and symptom management.

[82]  L. Burak,et al.  College Students' Use of Widely Advertised Medications , 2000, Journal of American college health : J of ACH.

[83]  M. Nichter,et al.  Social factors influencing the acquisition of antibiotics without prescription in Kerala State, south India. , 2000, Social science & medicine.

[84]  J P Vandenbroucke,et al.  Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test , 1998 .

[85]  J. Poulin,et al.  Gender differences in attitudes toward alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs. , 1997, Social work.

[86]  Kenneth K C Lee,et al.  Self-Medication Among University Students in Hong Kong , 1995, Asia-Pacific journal of public health.

[87]  R. Al-Kayali,et al.  SELF‐MEDICATION AMONG UNDERGRADUATE MEDICAL STUDENTS IN TWO UNIVERSITIES IN SYRIA , 2017 .

[88]  Gholipour Kamal,et al.  INVESTIGATING FACTORS AFFECTING SELF-MEDICATION AND ITS PATTERN AMONG STUDENTS OF TABRIZ UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES, IRAN, IN 2012 , 2016 .

[89]  X. Zhu,et al.  Self-medication practices with antibiotics among Chinese university students. , 2016, Public Health.

[90]  Mhf Sakeena,et al.  Awareness of Rational Medication Use and Antibiotic Self- Medication Practices among Undergraduate Students in a University in Sri Lanka , 2015 .

[91]  D. Štimac,et al.  Characteristics of self-medication for pain relief among first-year health care students in Zagreb, Croatia. , 2014, Psychiatria Danubina.

[92]  S. Mustafa,et al.  Self-medication among undergraduate medical students in Kuwait with reference to the role of the pharmacist , 2014, Journal of research in pharmacy practice.

[93]  C. Ghiciuc,et al.  Self-medication with antimicrobial drugs among university students in a Northeast region of Romania. , 2014, Revista medico-chirurgicala a Societatii de Medici si Naturalisti din Iasi.

[94]  S. Sharif,et al.  Self-medication among non-healthcare students of the University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates , 2014 .

[95]  Shahalam Khan,et al.  Evaluation of self-medication practices in acute diseases among university students in Oman , 2014 .

[96]  G. Murtaza,et al.  Assessment of the knowledge, behavior and practice of self-medication amongst female students in a pakistani university , 2012 .

[97]  Dayani Galato,et al.  [Self-medication among university students: the influence of the field of study]. , 2012, Ciencia & saude coletiva.

[98]  Ayesha Javed,et al.  Prevalence and Measure of Self Medication: A Review , 2012 .

[99]  N. Wabe,et al.  Knowledge, attitude and practice of self medication in Southwest Ethiopia , 2012 .

[100]  Tahir Mujtaba,et al.  Self Medication among University Students of Karachi , 2011 .

[101]  Z. Abebe,et al.  Self-Medication Practices among Health Sciences Students: The Case of Mekelle University , 2011 .

[102]  Manisha Pandey,et al.  Evaluation of self medication among professional students in North India: proper statutory drug control must be implemented , 2010 .

[103]  G. Marín,et al.  Self-medication, substance abuse and alcohol consumption in students attending to La Plata National University, Argentina , 2010 .

[104]  Daniela Silva de Aquino,et al.  A automedicação e os acadêmicos da área de saúde , 2010 .

[105]  A. Arzi,et al.  Antibiotics self-medication among Southern Iranian university students. , 2010 .

[106]  A. Hussain,et al.  Self medication among university students of Islamabad, Pakistan - a preliminary study. , 2008 .

[107]  S. M. Muñoz,et al.  Automedicación en Estudiantes de la Universidad Nacional de La Plata (Argentina) , 2007 .

[108]  M. B. Núñez,et al.  Automedicación en estudiantes de Farmacia de la Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Argentina , 2005 .

[109]  J. Chalker,et al.  Improving antibiotic prescribing in Hai Phong Province, Viet Nam: the "antibiotic-dose" indicator. , 2001, Bulletin of the World Health Organization.

[110]  J. McElnay,et al.  Benefits and Risks of Self Medication , 2001, Drug safety.

[111]  J. Gearhart,et al.  Common patient symptoms: patterns of self-treatment and prevention. , 1993, Journal of the Mississippi State Medical Association.