Discrimination Between Brain Cognitive States Using Shannon Entropy and Skewness Information Measure

Non-invasive brain imaging techniques are popular tools for monitoring the cognitive state of human participants. This work builds on our previous studies using the HydroCel Geodesic Sensor Net, 256 electrodes dense-array electro-encephalography (EEG). The studies analyze dominant frequencies of temporal power spectral densities for each of the EEG electrodes. The experiments involve three modalities: Meditation, Math Mind, and (c) Open Eyes condition. Here we perform an analysis of the Shannon entropy index and Pearson’s skewness coefficient in order to test their fitness to classify different brain states. The results help to develop a comprehensive methodology to understand brain dynamics.

[1]  Walter J. Freeman,et al.  Imaging Brain Function With EEG: Advanced Temporal and Spatial Analysis of Electroencephalographic Signals , 2012 .

[2]  Sang Joon Kim,et al.  A Mathematical Theory of Communication , 2006 .

[3]  Brian Castellani,et al.  Advancing Shannon Entropy for Measuring Diversity in Systems , 2017, Complex..

[4]  A. Pérez-Villalba Rhythms of the Brain, G. Buzsáki. Oxford University Press, Madison Avenue, New York (2006), Price: GB £42.00, p. 448, ISBN: 0-19-530106-4 , 2008 .

[5]  W. Freeman,et al.  Spatial spectral analysis of human electrocorticograms including the alpha and gamma bands , 2000, Journal of Neuroscience Methods.

[6]  Jean-François Bercher,et al.  Analysis of signals in the Fisher–Shannon information plane , 2003 .

[7]  Robert Kozma,et al.  Stress Reduction, Relaxation, and Meditative States Using Psychophysiological Measurements Based on Biofeedback Systems via HRV and EEG , 2019, Encyclopedia of Computer Graphics and Games.

[8]  J. Kelso,et al.  Toward a Complementary Neuroscience: Metastable Coordination Dynamics of the Brain , 2009 .

[9]  Kimford J. Meador,et al.  Zen and the Brain: Toward an Understanding of Meditation and Consciousness , 1999 .

[10]  Walter J. Freeman,et al.  Book Review: "Karl H Pribram (2013) The Form Within: My Point of View" , 2014 .

[11]  Akira Kasamatsu,et al.  AN ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHIC STUDY ON THE ZEN MEDITATION (ZAZEN) , 1966, Folia psychiatrica et neurologica japonica.

[12]  Giuseppe Vitiello,et al.  Non-linear Dynamics and Chaotic Trajectories in Brain-Mind Visual Experiences during Dreams, Meditation, and Non-Ordinary Brain Activity States , 2020 .

[13]  Sungchul Ji,et al.  Planck–Shannon Classifier: A Novel Method to Discriminate Between Sonified Raman Signals from Cancer and Healthy Cells , 2018 .

[14]  Alireza Chaji,et al.  An Estimator of Shannon Entropy of Beta-Generated Distributions and a Goodness-of-Fit Test , 2019, Commun. Stat. Simul. Comput..

[15]  Walter J. Freeman,et al.  A method to study global spatial patterns related to sensory perception in scalp EEG , 2010, Journal of Neuroscience Methods.

[16]  Sri Purwani,et al.  Analyzing bin-width effect on the computed entropy , 2017 .

[17]  J. Kelso,et al.  The Complementary Nature , 2006 .

[18]  W. Freeman,et al.  Synchronized Minima in ECoG Power at Frequencies Between Beta-Gamma Oscillations Disclose Cortical Singularities in Cognition , 2012 .

[19]  Robert Kozma,et al.  Cognitive Phase Transitions in the Cerebral Cortex - Enhancing the Neuron Doctrine by Modeling Neural Fields , 2015 .

[20]  Luciano Telesca,et al.  Analysis of time dynamics in wind records by means of multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis and Fisher-Shannon information plane , 2011 .

[21]  Robert Kozma,et al.  Visualization of Human Cognitive States Monitored by High-density EEG Arrays , 2018, INNS Conference on Big Data.

[22]  Mario Beauregard,et al.  Quantum physics in neuroscience and psychology: a neurophysical model of mind–brain interaction , 2004, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences.

[23]  W. J. Freeman,et al.  CORTICAL PHASE TRANSITIONS, NONEQUILIBRIUM THERMODYNAMICS AND THE TIME-DEPENDENT GINZBURG–LANDAU EQUATION , 2011, 1110.3677.

[24]  Sungchul Ji,et al.  Molecular Theory of the Living Cell: Concepts, Molecular Mechanisms, and Biomedical Applications , 2012 .

[25]  W. Freeman,et al.  Nonlinear brain dynamics as macroscopic manifestation of underlying many-body field dynamics , 2005, q-bio/0511037.

[26]  Jeffery Jonathan Joshua Davis The Brain of Melchizedek: a Cognitive Neuroscience Approach to Spirituality , 2009 .

[27]  W. Freeman,et al.  Simulated power spectral density (PSD) of background electrocorticogram (ECoG) , 2008, Cognitive Neurodynamics.

[28]  Walter J. Freeman,et al.  EEG synchrony during a perceptual-cognitive task: Widespread phase synchrony at all frequencies , 2009, Clinical Neurophysiology.

[29]  K. Pribram The Form Within: My Point of View , 2013 .

[30]  W. Freeman,et al.  Spatial spectra of scalp EEG and EMG from awake humans , 2003, Clinical Neurophysiology.

[31]  C. Vignata,et al.  Analysis of signals in the Fisher – Shannon information plan , 2003 .

[32]  Frank G. Echenhofer,et al.  A BRIEF REVIEW OF RESEARCH AND CONTROVERSIES IN EEG BIOFEEDBACK AND MEDITATION , 1987 .

[33]  Sungchul Ji,et al.  Planckian Information (Ip): A New Measure of Order in Atoms, Enzymes, Cells, Brains, Human Societies, and the Cosmos , 2015 .