Wolves and the Ecology of Fear: Can Predation Risk Structure Ecosystems?
暂无分享,去创建一个
[1] S. L. Lima,et al. Behavioral decisions made under the risk of predation: a review and prospectus , 1990 .
[2] J. Terborgh,et al. Ecological Meltdown in Predator-Free Forest Fragments , 2001, Science.
[3] J. Terborgh,et al. The role of top carnivores in regulating terrestrial ecosystems , 1999 .
[4] C. Kay. Yellowstone’s northern elk herd: a critical evaluation of the “natural regulation paradigm" , 1990 .
[5] Burt P. Kotler,et al. Applying patch use to assess aspects of foraging behavior in Nubian ibex , 1994 .
[6] J. Lawton,et al. Linking Species and Ecosystems , 1996 .
[7] L. Mech,et al. Wolf-Pack Buffer Zones as Prey Reservoirs , 1977, Science.
[8] J. Estes. Predators and ecosystem management , 1996 .
[9] Suzanne E. Bayley,et al. Predation risk and the functional response of elk–aspen herbivory , 2003 .
[10] Robert J. Naiman,et al. Ecosystem Alteation of Boreal Forest Streams by Beaver (Castor Canadensis) , 1986 .
[11] Joel s. Brown,et al. The Ecology of Fear: Optimal Foraging, Game Theory, and Trophic Interactions , 1999 .
[12] W. Ripple,et al. The role of postfire coarse woody debris in aspen regeneration , 2001 .
[13] W. Ripple,et al. Trophic cascades among wolves, elk and aspen on Yellowstone National Park’s northern range , 2001 .
[14] F. Messier,et al. UNGULATE POPULATION MODELS WITH PREDATION: A CASE STUDY WITH THE NORTH AMERICAN MOOSE' , 1994 .
[15] H. Erickson,et al. Beaver as Engineers: Influences on Biotic and Abiotic Characteristics of Drainage Basins , 1995 .
[16] W. Ripple,et al. Aspen age structure in the northern Yellowstone ecosystem: USA , 2003 .
[17] C. Kay. Aboriginal overkill , 1994, Human nature.
[18] A. Leopold,et al. A Sand County Almanac and Sketches Here and There , 2020 .
[19] J. J. Ebersole,et al. Effects of elk browsing on aspen stand characteristics, Rampart Range, Colorado , 2003 .
[20] Robert J. Naiman,et al. Alteration of North American streams by beaver , 1988 .
[21] Crête. The distribution of deer biomass in North America supports the hypothesis of exploitation ecosystems , 1999 .
[22] D. Houston,et al. Yellowstone and the biology of time : photographs across a century , 1998 .
[23] D. Houston. Wildfires in Northern Yellowstone National Park , 1973 .
[24] L. Freer. The Wolves of Yellowstone , 2002 .
[25] M. Festa‐Bianchet,et al. Seasonal range selection in bighorn sheep: conflicts between forage quality, forage quantity, and predator avoidance , 1988, Oecologia.
[26] Edward P. Glenn,et al. Book reviewRiparian Areas, Functions and Strategies for Management: National Research Council, National Academy Press, Washington, DC, 2002, 428 pp. , 2003 .
[27] M. Soulé,et al. Mesopredator release and avifaunal extinctions in a fragmented system , 1999, Nature.
[28] J. Berger,et al. A MAMMALIAN PREDATOR-PREY IMBALANCE: GRIZZLY BEAR AND WOLF EXTINCTION AFFECT AVIAN NEOTROPICAL MIGRANTS , 2001 .
[29] R. Macarthur,et al. On Optimal Use of a Patchy Environment , 1966, The American Naturalist.
[30] S. John,et al. Aspen stand recruitment and ungulate impacts : Gardiner Ranger District Gardiner Montana , 1995 .
[31] A. Sinclair,et al. Population Consequences of Predation-Sensitive Foraging: The Serengeti Wildebeest , 1995 .
[32] T. Clutton‐Brock,et al. The Northern Yellowstone Elk: Ecology and Management , 1984 .
[33] Douglas W. Smith,et al. Yellowstone after Wolves , 2003 .
[34] C. Johnson. Roosevelt Wild Life Annals , 1932 .
[35] A. Laliberte,et al. Wildlife Encounters by Lewis and Clark: A Spatial Analysis of Interactions between Native Americans and Wildlife , 2003 .
[36] Nils Chr. Stenseth,et al. Ecosystem consequences of wolf behavioural response to climate , 1999, Nature.
[37] M. Turner,et al. Aspen, Elk, and Fire in Northern Yellowstone Park , 1995 .
[38] Robert L. Beschta,et al. Wolf reintroduction, predation risk, and cottonwood recovery in Yellowstone National Park , 2003 .
[39] William J. Ripple,et al. Historic aspen recruitment, elk, and wolves in northern Yellowstone National Park, USA , 2000 .
[40] T. O. Lemke,et al. Winter range expansion by the northern Yellowstone elk herd , 1998 .
[41] Division on Earth. Riparian Areas: Functions and Strategies for Management , 2002 .
[42] Cole,et al. Trophic cascades revealed in diverse ecosystems. , 1999, Trends in ecology & evolution.
[43] D. Waller,et al. Direct and indirect effects of white-tailed deer in forest ecosystems , 2003 .
[44] Robert L. Beschta,et al. COTTONWOODS, ELK, AND WOLVES IN THE LAMAR VALLEY OF YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK , 2003 .
[45] J. Terborgh,et al. Continental Conservation: scientific foundations of regional reserve networks , 2000 .
[46] James A. Bailey,et al. Foraging Ecology of Mountain Sheep: Implications for Habitat Management , 1985 .
[47] Charles E. Kay,et al. Aspen elk and fire in the Rocky Mountain national parks of North America , 1998 .
[48] E. Warren. A study of beaver in the Yancey region of Yellowstone National Park , 1926 .
[49] A. Laliberte,et al. Range Contractions of North American Carnivores and Ungulates , 2004 .
[50] Arthur T. Bergerud,et al. Displacement and dispersion of parturient caribou at calving as antipredator tactics , 1987 .
[51] D. Pletscher,et al. Winter hunting patterns of wolves in and near glacier national park, Montana , 2001 .
[52] Joel s. Brown,et al. ASSESSING EFFECTS OF PREDATION RISK ON FORAGING BEHAVIOR OF MULE DEER , 2001 .
[53] J. Kie. Optimal Foraging and Risk of Predation: Effects on Behavior and Social Structure in Ungulates , 1999 .
[54] D. Huggard. Effect of snow depth on predation and scavenging by gray wolves , 1993 .
[55] R. Holt,et al. Predators, Ecological Role of , 2001 .
[56] S. L. Lima. Nonlethal Effects in the Ecology of Predator-Prey Interactions What are the ecological effects of anti-predator decision-making? , 1998 .
[57] Oswald J. Schmitz,et al. Behaviorally mediated trophic cascades : Effects of predation risk on food web interactions , 1997 .
[58] J. Estes,et al. Ecological Effectiveness: Conservation Goals for Interactive Species , 2003 .
[59] R. Peterson,et al. Wolves, Moose, and Tree Rings on Isle Royale , 1994, Science.
[60] M. Manseau,et al. Natural regulation of cervidae along a 1000 km latitudinal gradient: Change in trophic dominance , 2005, Evolutionary Ecology.
[61] S. Peacor,et al. A REVIEW OF TRAIT-MEDIATED INDIRECT INTERACTIONS IN ECOLOGICAL COMMUNITIES , 2003 .