Exploring Variation Properties of Time Use Behavior Based on a Multilevel Multiple Discrete-Continuous Extreme Value Model

This paper attempts to examine the variation properties of time use behavior based on a multilevel MDCEV model, which describes both activity participation and time allocation behavior by incorporating various variance components. In this study, five major variation components are dealt with, including inter-individual, inter-household, temporal, spatial, and intra-individual variations. The Mobidrive data, a continuous six-week travel daily data allows us to identify these variations at the same time. Two types of models are empirically examined: one is the model without considering the influences of explanatory variables (Null model), and the other is the model by introducing explanatory variables (Full model). Based on the estimation results from the Null model, it is confirmed that the intra-individual variation still accounts for more than 50% of the total variation (except for mandatory activities) even after incorporating the aforementioned four other types of variations jointly. On the other hand, the results from the Full model reveal that most types of unobserved variations (especially the intra-individual variation) are still dominating in the total variation even after introducing the relevant observed information. These findings would provide useful insights into both model development and data collection methods as well as the understanding the mechanisms of time use decisions. Makoto Chikaraishi, Junyi Zhang, Akimasa Fujiwara, Kay W. Axhausen 3

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