High-Efficiency Bidirectional Converter for Flywheel Energy Storage Application

A bidirectional converter (BDC) is essential in applications where energy storage devices are involved. Such applications include transportation, battery less uninterruptible power system, flywheel energy storage systems, etc. Bidirectional power flow through buck and boost modes of operation along with high power density and efficiency is important requirement of such systems. This paper presents a new BDC topology using a combination of fast turn-off SCR and insulated-gate bipolar transistor with a novel control logic implementation to achieve zero switching losses through zero voltage transition and zero current transition techniques. The proposed scheme ensures zero switching power loss (ZSPL) for both buck and boost modes of operation of the BDC. The scheme is simple and achieves ZSPL during both turn-on and turn-off of the devices resulting in improved efficiency and reduced electromagnetic interference problems. The basic principle of operation, analysis, and design procedure are presented for both voltage buck and boost modes of operation of the proposed BDC topology. A design example is presented. Limitations of the system are highlighted. Experimental and simulation results obtained on a 4 kW, 340 V input prototype with a switching frequency of 15.4 kHz are presented to verify the design.

[1]  Pritam Das,et al.  ZCS PWM bidirectional converter with one auxiliary switch , 2011, 2011 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition.

[2]  Jih-Sheng Lai,et al.  High-Power Density Design of a Soft-Switching High-Power Bidirectional DC-DC Converter , 2006 .

[3]  Hui Li,et al.  A natural ZVS medium-power bidirectional DC-DC converter with minimum number of devices , 2001 .

[4]  Vivek Agarwal,et al.  Apportioning and mitigation of losses in a Flywheel Energy Storage system , 2013, 2013 4th IEEE International Symposium on Power Electronics for Distributed Generation Systems (PEDG).

[5]  F. C. Lee,et al.  Operation principles of bi-directional full-bridge DC/DC converter with unified soft-switching scheme and soft-starting capability , 2000, APEC 2000. Fifteenth Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (Cat. No.00CH37058).

[6]  F. C. Lee,et al.  A comparative study of a family of zero-current-transition schemes for three-phase inverter applications , 2001, APEC 2001. Sixteenth Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (Cat. No.01CH37181).

[7]  F. Crescimbini,et al.  20 kW water-cooled prototype of a buck-boost bidirectional DC-DC converter topology for electrical vehicle motor drives , 1995, Proceedings of 1995 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition - APEC'95.

[8]  C. C. A. Rajan,et al.  A ZVS bidirectional dc-dc converter phase shifted SPWM control for hybrid electric and fuel cell automotive application , 2012, IEEE-International Conference On Advances In Engineering, Science And Management (ICAESM -2012).

[9]  Akshay Kumar Rathore,et al.  Analysis, Design, and Experimental Results of Novel Snubberless Bidirectional Naturally Clamped ZCS/ZVS Current-Fed Half-Bridge DC/DC Converter for Fuel Cell Vehicles , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[10]  D. Boroyevich,et al.  Design of resonant circuit for zero-current-transition techniques in 100 kW PEBB applications , 2002, Conference Record of the 2002 IEEE Industry Applications Conference. 37th IAS Annual Meeting (Cat. No.02CH37344).

[11]  Hui Li,et al.  A natural ZVS high-power bi-directional DC-DC converter with minimum number of devices , 2001, Conference Record of the 2001 IEEE Industry Applications Conference. 36th IAS Annual Meeting (Cat. No.01CH37248).

[12]  Sung-Sae Lee,et al.  High-Efficiency Active-Clamp Forward Converter With Transient Current Build-Up (TCB) ZVS Technique , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[13]  Toshihiko Tanaka,et al.  An isolated bi-directional soft switching DC-DC converter for energy storage system and its voltage stress suppression approach , 2011, 2011 IEEE Ninth International Conference on Power Electronics and Drive Systems.

[14]  Jumar Luís Russi,et al.  A Simple Approach to Detect ZVT and Determine Its Time of Occurrence for PWM Converters , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[15]  Wei Chen,et al.  Snubberless Bidirectional DC–DC Converter With New CLLC Resonant Tank Featuring Minimized Switching Loss , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[16]  Darryl J. Tschirhart,et al.  A CLL Resonant Asymmetrical Pulsewidth-Modulated Converter With Improved Efficiency , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[17]  Vivek Agarwal,et al.  Optimal energy harvesting from a high-speed brushless DC generator-based flywheel energy storage system , 2013 .

[18]  Pritam Das,et al.  A novel ZVS-PWM dc-dc converter for bidirectional applications with steep conversion ratio , 2009, 2009 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition.

[19]  Dushan Boroyevich,et al.  Improved zero-current transition converters for high power applications , 1996, IAS '96. Conference Record of the 1996 IEEE Industry Applications Conference Thirty-First IAS Annual Meeting.

[20]  Ke Lan,et al.  Zero-Voltage-Transition Full-Bridge Topologies for Transformerless Photovoltaic Grid-Connected Inverter , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[21]  Dehong Xu,et al.  A family of soft-switching phase-shift bidirectional DC-DC converters: synthesis, analysis, and experiment , 2002, Proceedings of the Power Conversion Conference-Osaka 2002 (Cat. No.02TH8579).

[22]  Yangguang Yan,et al.  Novel Forward–Flyback Hybrid Bidirectional DC–DC Converter , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[23]  W. McMurray,et al.  Resonant snubbers with auxiliary switches , 1989, Conference Record of the IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting,.

[24]  Alireza Bakhshai,et al.  Basic families of medium-power soft-switched isolated bidirectional dc-dc converters , 2011, 2011 2nd Power Electronics, Drive Systems and Technologies Conference.

[25]  Yung-Ruei Chang,et al.  High Step-Up Bidirectional Isolated Converter With Two Input Power Sources , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[26]  Gang Ma,et al.  A Zero-Voltage-Switching Bidirectional DC–DC Converter With State Analysis and Soft-Switching-Oriented Design Consideration , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[27]  Wuhua Li,et al.  Review of Nonisolated High-Step-Up DC/DC Converters in Photovoltaic Grid-Connected Applications , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[28]  Dehong Xu,et al.  Actively clamped bidirectional flyback converter , 2000, IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron..

[29]  Haci Bodur,et al.  An improved ZCT-PWM DC-DC converter for high-power and frequency applications , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[30]  Xinbo Ruan,et al.  Hybrid Full-Bridge Three-Level LLC Resonant Converter- A Novel DC-DC Converter Suitable for Fuel Cell Power System , 2005, 2005 IEEE 36th Power Electronics Specialists Conference.

[31]  Alireza Khaligh,et al.  A Zero-Voltage-Transition Bidirectional DC/DC Converter , 2015, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[32]  Mohammad Reza Mohammadi,et al.  New Family of Zero-Voltage-Transition PWM Bidirectional Converters With Coupled Inductors , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[33]  A. F. Bakan,et al.  An Improved PSFB PWM DC–DC Converter for High-Power and Frequency Applications , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.