Die Innere Medizin

Zahlreiche gastroenterologische Erkrankungen weisen hinsichtlich Inzidenz, Prognose und Therapieansprechen deutliche Unterschiede zwischen den Geschlechtern auf. Diese werden nur zum Teil in der Grundlagenund klinischen Forschung oder auch im klinischen Alltag berücksichtigt. Beispielsweise werden in der Grundlagenforschung viele Tierexperimente nur mit männlichen Tieren durchgeführt. Bei malignen Erkrankungen des Gastrointestinaltrakts ist die Inzidenz bei Männern häufig höher als bei Frauen. Dies kann nicht allein durch ein unterschiedliches Risikoverhalten erklärt werden. Mittlerweile konnten unter anderem geschlechtsspezifische Unterschiede in der Immunantwort und eine Beeinflussung des Tumorsuppressors p53 durch X-Chromosom-Inaktivierung nachgewiesen werden. Trotz dieser neuen Erkenntnisse muss das Verständnis der zugrunde liegenden Mechanismen zwingend verbessert werden, da sich hieraus weitreichende Konsequenzen ergeben können. Ziel dieser Übersichtsarbeit ist es, diese geschlechtsspezifischen Unterschiede darzustellen und somit das Bewusstsein dafür zu schärfen. Die Berücksichtigung von geschlechtsspezifischen Aspekten stellt einen entscheidenden Faktor für die individualisierte Therapie dar.

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