Quantum-dot cellular automata by electric and magnetic field coupling

Even as CMOS technology advances into the nanoscale regime, computing with quantum dots, molecules, or single-domain nanomagnets remains a viable goal in nanotechnology research. Quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) is a paradigm for low-power, high-speed, highly dense computing that could be realized in a variety of materials systems. This paper reviews the basic paradigm of QCA, discusses various materials systems in which QCA might be constructed, reviews a series of experiments performed in the metal tunnel junction technology, and presents ideas for future QCA implementations in molecules and nanomagnets.

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