Synergistic supply offer and demand bidding strategies for wind producers and electric vehicle aggregators in day-ahead electricity markets

This work evaluates the opportunities for increased profits owing to the better management of energy deviations under a synergistic supply offer and demand bidding strategy of a wind energy producer and an electric vehicle (EV) aggregator that participate in day-ahead energy and regulation reserve market. The new market player acts as a prosumer and participates in the electricity market with synergistic offers and bids of the two entities he represents. Key factors of uncertainty affecting the bidding strategy are identified and incorporated in a stochastic optimization framework. The case of night residential EV charging is examined and unidirectional interaction between EVs and the grid is considered, i.e. the EVs do not discharge energy back to the grid. The possibility for increased profits through the holistic consideration and better management of the energy deviations under specific market rules is examined in this work. Finally, the impact of wind curtailment opportunity in energy deviation management was also examined.