Human leukocyte antigen studies in multiple sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis (MS) has been associated with HLA‐DR2 for more than 20 years, and a large number of studies have addressed the relation between MS and the HLA class II genes, which are our major immune‐response genes. This has produced a complex and confusing picture that is difficult to interpret. With the advent of reliable and comprehensive DNA‐based typing techniques, it is now possible to extract a coherent pattern from this mass of data. The associated haplotype has been specified to HLA‐Dw2 in cellular typing nomenclature, which equals DR15, DQ6 by serology, and DRB1*1501, DQA1*0102, DQB1*0602 in sequence‐based terminology. This haplotype is increased among groups of MS patients worldwide, although most strongly in North and West Europeans, and it is the only haplotype with a clear importance in MS. Attempts to map this association within the haplotype have not been successful.

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