Characterization of spatial distortion in magnetic resonance imaging and its implications for stereotactic surgery.

The different sources of spatial distortion in magnetic resonance images are reviewed from the point of view of stereotactic target localization. The extents of the two most complex sources of spatial distortion, gradient field nonlinearities and magnetic field inhomogeneities, are discussed both qualitatively and quantitatively. Several ways by which the spatial distortion resulting from these sources can be minimized are discussed. The clinical relevance of the spatial distortion along with some strategies to minimize the localization errors in magnetic resonance-guided stereotaxy are presented.

[1]  B R Rosen,et al.  Selective Saturation NMR Imaging , 1984, Journal of computer assisted tomography.

[2]  W. T. Dixon.  Simple proton spectroscopic imaging. , 1984, Radiology.

[3]  P. Röschmann,et al.  Susceptibility artefacts in NMR imaging. , 1985, Magnetic resonance imaging.

[4]  R. Rzedzian,et al.  Instant images of the body by magnetic resonance , 1987, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[5]  V Sturm,et al.  Correction of spatial distortion in MR imaging: a prerequisite for accurate stereotaxy. , 1987, Journal of computer assisted tomography.

[6]  Z H Cho,et al.  Total inhomogeneity correction including chemical shifts and susceptibility by view angle tilting. , 1988, Medical physics.

[7]  R. C. Murry,et al.  Christensen's physics of diagnostic radiology , 1990 .

[8]  B. Rosen,et al.  Magnetic susceptibility effects of trabecular bone on magnetic resonance imaging of bone marrow. , 1990, Investigative radiology.

[9]  G. Glover,et al.  Rapid in vivo proton shimming , 1991, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[10]  A Macovski,et al.  1H spectroscopic imaging using a spectral‐spatial excitation pulse , 1991, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[11]  R. Maciunas,et al.  The accuracies of four stereotactic frame systems: an independent assessment. , 1991, Biomedical instrumentation & technology.

[12]  J. Michael Fitzpatrick,et al.  A technique for accurate magnetic resonance imaging in the presence of field inhomogeneities , 1992, IEEE Trans. Medical Imaging.

[13]  T. S. Sumanaweera,et al.  Segmentation and distortion correction in medical imaging , 1992 .

[14]  W. J. Lorenz,et al.  Correction of spatial distortion in magnetic resonance angiography for radiosurgical treatment planning of cerebral arteriovenous malformations. , 1992, Magnetic resonance imaging.

[15]  Robert J. Maciunas,et al.  Rectification of distortion in MRI for stereotaxy , 1992, [1992] Proceedings Fifth Annual IEEE Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems.

[16]  M. Viergever,et al.  Medical image matching-a review with classification , 1993, IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Magazine.

[17]  Gary H. Glover,et al.  MR susceptibility misregistration correction , 1993, IEEE Trans. Medical Imaging.

[18]  S Napel,et al.  Quantifying MRI geometric distortion in tissue , 1994, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[19]  H. Kooy,et al.  Image fusion for stereotactic radiotherapy and radiosurgery treatment planning. , 1994, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.