Orthotropic Material and Anisotropic Damage Mechanics Approach for Numerically Seismic Assessment of Arch Dam–Reservoir–Foundation System

In contrast with modeling of the contraction joints, the performance and influence of lift joints are usually neglected in numerical analysis of concrete arch dams. In this paper, the seismic nonlinear response of a concrete arch dam–reservoir–foundation system is investigated with considering the effects of lift joints using orthotropic-based material. An anisotropic damage mechanics approach is introduced and modified to take into account the effects of weak horizontal planes between concrete lifts during the construction phase. This model is capable to consider the pre-softening behavior, the softening initiation criterion and anisotropic cracking behavior in mass concrete. The coupled equation of motion in dam–reservoir system is solved by staggered displacement method while the foundation rock is assumed as a mass-less and rigid mediums. The coupled system is excited using three-component ground motion in the maximum credible level. It is found that using orthotropic-based material increases crest displacements and also leads to more damage in the dam body in comparison with the case using the common isotropic-based material.

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