Blockchain Meets AI for Resilient and Intelligent Internet of Vehicles

The Internet of Vehicles (IoV) is flourishing and offers various applications relating to road safety, traffic and fuel efficiency, and infotainment. Dealing with security and privacy threats and managing the trust (detecting malicious and misbehaving peers) in IoV remains the most significant concern. Artificial Intelligence is one of the most revolutionizing technologies, and the predictive power of its machine learning models can help detect intrusions and misbehaviors. Similarly, empowering the state-of-the-art IoV security framework with blockchain can make it secure and resilient. This article discusses joint AI and blockchain for security, privacy and trust-related risks in IoV. This paper also presents problems, challenges, requirements and solutions using ML and blockchain to address aforementioned issues in IoV. I. INTERNET OF VEHICLES (IOV) SYSTEMS OVERVIEW A. Overview In the new era of the Internet of Everything (IoE), the traditional VANETs enabled by vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicleto-infrastructure (V2I) communication have evolved to the Internet of Vehicles (IoV). IoV is the concept that connects smart and intelligent vehicles to any other entities around them, such as vehicles, infrastructure, pedestrians, networks, grids, UAVs, etc., through vehicle-to-everything (V2X) or cellular V2X (C-V2X) technologies [1]. The generic view of IoV is shown in Fig. 1. V2V: VLC V2U V2G V2P