Poly(carbazole)-Coated Selenium@Conical Carbon Nanofibers Hybrid for Lithium–Selenium Batteries with Enhanced Lifespan

A scalable protocol enabling selenium (Se) cathodes in Lithium (Li)-Se batteries to retain a high reversible capacity with repeated cycling is demonstrated. A hybrid of Se powder with conical carbon nanofibers (CCNFs) labeled as Se@CCNFs-20, is prepared in a noninert atmosphere at room temperature and is used as cathode in a Li–Se cell. Reversible capacity of ∼990 mAh gSe–1 is achieved at 0.1 current (C)-rate for the Li–Se@CCNFs-20 cell, which reduces to ∼531 mAh gSe–1 after 100 cycles. CCNFs are composed of elongated fibers with a graphitic crystalline structure; they maximize Se uptake by the virtue of their effective surface area, promote electron conduction between the Se particles by serving as conductive interconnects and accommodate the volume expansion of Se during discharge, thus manifesting in the above-described performance. This performance is bettered by coating the Se@CCNFs-20 hybrid cathode with a conducting polymer (poly(carbazole) or PCZ) layer. The PCZ coating acts a barrier that not onl...

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