New Methodology for Optimal Flight Control using Differential Evolution Algorithms applied on the Cessna Citation X Business Aircraft – Part 2. Validation on Aircraft Research Flight Level D Simulator

In this paper the Cessna Citation X clearance criteria were evaluated for a new Flight Controller. The Flight Control Law were optimized and designed for the Cessna Citation X flight envelope by combining the Deferential Evolution algorithm, the Linear Quadratic Regulator method, and the Proportional Integral controller during a previous research presented in part 1. The optimal controllers were used to reach satisfactory aircraft’s dynamic and safe flight operations with respect to the augmentation systems’ handling qualities, and design requirements. Furthermore the number of controllers used to control the aircraft in its flight envelope was optimized using the Linear Fractional Representations features. To validate the controller over the whole aircraft flight envelope, the linear stability, eigenvalue, and handling qualities criteria in addition of the nonlinear analysis criteria were investigated during this research to assess the business aircraft for flight control clearance and certification. The optimized gains provide a very good stability margins as the eigenvalue analysis shows that the aircraft has a high stability, and a very good flying qualities of the linear aircraft models are ensured in its entire flight envelope, its robustness is demonstrated with respect to uncertainties due to its mass and center of gravity variations.

[1]  Ruxandra Botez,et al.  Lateral control design for the Cessna Citation X with handling qualities and robustness requirements , 2015 .

[2]  Ruxandra Botez,et al.  Cessna Citation X aircraft global model identification from flight tests , 2013 .

[3]  Ruxandra Botez,et al.  Cessna Citation X Airplane Grey-Box Model Identification without Preliminary Data , 2014 .

[4]  Ruxandra Botez,et al.  Development of a High-Fidelity Simulation Model for a Research Environment , 2015 .

[5]  John J. Burken,et al.  Flight Control with Optimal Control Allocation Incorporating Structural Load Feedback , 2015, J. Aerosp. Inf. Syst..

[6]  Ruxandra Botez,et al.  New Robust Control Analysis Methodology for Lynx Helicopter and Cessna Citation X Aircraft using Guardian Maps, Genetic Algorithms and LQR Theories Combinations , 2014 .

[7]  Mark J. Balas,et al.  Discrete-time infinite-dimensional adaptive control and rejection of persistent disturbances: To D or not to D? , 2013, 21st Mediterranean Conference on Control and Automation.

[8]  R. Luckner,et al.  New Analysis Techniques for Clearance of Flight Control Laws , 2003 .

[9]  Mario Perhinschi.  Parameter optimization via genetic algorithm of fuzzy controller for autonomous air vehicle , 1999 .

[10]  Ruxandra Botez,et al.  Identification of an F/A-18 Nonlinear Model Between Control and Structural Deflections , 2009 .

[11]  Udaya K. Madawala,et al.  An Optimal PID Controller for a Bidirectional Inductive Power Transfer System Using Multiobjective Genetic Algorithm , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[12]  Ruxandra Botez,et al.  Evolutionary algorithms for robust cessna citation X flight control , 2014 .

[13]  R. M. Botez,et al.  Optimal flight control on the hawker 800 XP business aircraft , 2012, IECON 2012 - 38th Annual Conference on IEEE Industrial Electronics Society.

[14]  Susan A. Frost,et al.  Investigation of Optimal Control Allocation for Gust Load Alleviation in Flight Control , 2012 .

[15]  Mark J. Balas,et al.  Robust adaptive model tracking for distributed parameter control of linear infinite-dimensional systems in Hilbert space , 2014, IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica.

[16]  Ruxandra Botez,et al.  Weight functions method for stability analysis applied as design tool for Hawker 800XP aircraft , 2015 .

[17]  Yang Chao,et al.  Aeroelastic scaling laws for gust load alleviation control system , 2016 .

[18]  Teodor Lucian Grigorie,et al.  A hybrid fuzzy logic proportional-integral-derivative and conventional on-off controller for morphing wing actuation using shape memory alloy Part 2: Controller implementation and validation , 2012, The Aeronautical Journal (1968).

[19]  Andreas Varga,et al.  Optimization Based Clearance of Flight Control Laws , 2012 .

[20]  Kaamran Raahemifar,et al.  Optimal PID controller design for AVR system using particle swarm optimization algorithm , 2011, 2011 24th Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering(CCECE).

[21]  Qing Wang,et al.  Closed-loop fault detection for full-envelope flight vehicle with measurement delays , 2015 .

[22]  Ruxandra Botez,et al.  Real Time Morphing Wing Optimization Validation Using Wind-Tunnel Tests , 2010 .

[23]  Mario G. Perhinschi,et al.  Online parameter estimation issues for the NASA IFCS F-15 fault tolerant systems , 2002, Proceedings of the 2002 American Control Conference (IEEE Cat. No.CH37301).

[24]  Mario G. Perhinschi,et al.  Design and Flight Testing of Intelligent Flight Control Laws for the WVU YF-22 Model Aircraft , 2005 .

[25]  Teodor Lucian Grigorie,et al.  A hybrid fuzzy logic proportional-integral-derivative and conventional on-off controller for morphing wing actuation using shape memory alloy Part 1: Morphing system mechanisms and controller architecture design , 2012, The Aeronautical Journal (1968).

[26]  Ruxandra Botez,et al.  Optimal control new methodologies validation on the research aircraft flight simulator of the cessna citation X business aircraft , 2016 .

[27]  Shang Yaoxing,et al.  Fuzzy robust nonlinear control approach for electro-hydraulic flight motion simulator , 2015 .

[28]  M. Jump,et al.  Rotorcraft-Pilot Couplings – A Ground Simulator Perspective , 2015 .

[29]  Andras Varga,et al.  Advanced techniques for clearance of flight control laws , 2002 .

[30]  Ruxandra Botez,et al.  Application of the weight function method on a high incidence research aircraft model , 2013 .

[31]  Ruxandra Botez,et al.  Flight control clearance of the Cessna Citation X using evolutionary algorithms , 2017 .

[32]  Rohit G. Kanojiya,et al.  Optimal tuning of PI controller for speed control of DC motor drive using particle swarm optimization , 2012, 2012 International Conference on Advances in Power Conversion and Energy Technologies (APCET).

[33]  Mark J. Balas,et al.  Direct Adaptive Control for Infinite-dimensional Symmetric Hyperbolic Systems , 2014, Complex Adaptive Systems.

[34]  Ruxandra Botez,et al.  Identification of F/A-18 model from flight tests using the fuzzy logic method , 2009 .

[35]  Manish Kumar,et al.  Genetically tuned LQR based path following for UAVs under wind disturbance , 2016, 2016 International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS).

[36]  Yang Chao,et al.  A New Approach for Aeroelastic Robust Stability Analysis , 2008 .

[37]  Ruxandra Botez,et al.  Cessna Citation X Engine Model Identification from Flight Tests , 2015 .

[38]  Hafid Smaili,et al.  Aircraft and Rotorcraft Pilot Coupling: A Survey of Recent Research Activities Within the European Project ARISTOTEL , 2011 .

[39]  K.T.K. Teo,et al.  Genetic algorithm based PID optimization in batch process control , 2011, 2011 IEEE International Conference on Computer Applications and Industrial Electronics (ICCAIE).