Location-based communication techniques in parallel learning between the classroom and the field

In the current paper, we report a study on parallel collaborative learning between students in the classroom using a desktop computer and students in the field using a mobile device. The students were provided with location-based communication techniques including route tracking, chat messaging, photo transmission, information points and a drawing tool. The experimental system was evaluated by 12 students, who participated both in the classroom and in the field. The students rated the communication support, learning support and usability of the developed techniques. The results showed that the techniques supported the students' interaction and learning well, and were highly usable. The results also suggest that the students' theoretical knowledge provided by classroom teaching can be extended by facilitating practical understanding with parallel learning using mobile communications. We suggest that the current approach is a fruitful combination of many contemporary learning paradigms such as collaborative learning, situated learning and problem-based learning.

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