A biomechanical model of the foot.

The foot is modeled as a statically indeterminate structure supporting its load at the heads of the five metatarsals and the tuberosity of the calcaneous. The distribution of support is determined through an analysis of the deformations caused in the structure as a result of the forces at these locations. The analysis includes the effect of the plantar aponeurosis and takes into account the deformation of the metatarsals and bending of the joints. A parametric study is presented to illustrate the behavior of the solution under a broad range of conditions.

[1]  E. Chao,et al.  Biomechanical analysis of foot function during gait and clinical applications. , 1983, Clinical orthopaedics and related research.

[2]  G Geoffroy,et al.  Kinematics of the foot. , 1982, The Canadian journal of neurological sciences. Le journal canadien des sciences neurologiques.

[3]  M Dhanendran,et al.  Mechanics of the hallux valgus foot and the effect of Keller's operation. , 1980, Acta orthopaedica Scandinavica.

[4]  S. Woo,et al.  Mechanical properties of tendons and ligaments. II. The relationships of immobilization and exercise on tissue remodeling. , 1982, Biorheology.

[5]  James M. Morris,et al.  Fatigue fractures : a clinical study , 1967 .

[6]  J. H. Hicks,et al.  The foot as a support. , 1955, Acta anatomica.

[7]  F. G. Evans,et al.  Strength of biological materials , 1970 .

[8]  H. Elftman A cinematic study of the distribution of pressure in the human foot , 1934 .

[9]  H. Aritomi,et al.  A simple method of measuring the footsole pressure of normal subjects using prescale pressure-detecting sheets. , 1983, Journal of biomechanics.

[10]  W. Seering,et al.  The function of the primary ligaments of the knee in anterior-posterior and medial-lateral motions. , 1980, Journal of biomechanics.

[11]  W. Hutton,et al.  The mechanics of normal and hallux valgus feet--a quantitative study. , 1981, Clinical orthopaedics and related research.

[12]  I A Stokes,et al.  Forces acting on the metatarsals during normal walking. , 1979, Journal of anatomy.

[13]  E. H. Wilson,et al.  FATIGUE FRACTURES: A Clinical Study , 1968 .

[14]  P R Cavanagh,et al.  A technique for the display of pressure distributions beneath the foot. , 1980, Journal of biomechanics.

[15]  T P Andriacchi,et al.  Electronic measurement of instantaneous foot--floor contact patterns during gait. , 1980, Journal of biomechanics.

[16]  E. Chao,et al.  Fourier analysis of ground reaction forces in normals and patients with knee joint disease. , 1983, Journal of biomechanics.

[17]  Hicks Jh The mechanics of the foot: II. The plantar aponeurosis and the arch , 1954 .

[18]  F. G. Evans,et al.  Strength of human metatarsal bones under repetitive loading. , 1959, Journal of applied physiology.

[19]  G A Arangio,et al.  Proximal Diaphyseal Fractures of the Fifth Metatarsal (Jones' Fracture): Two Cases Treated by Cross-Pinning with Review of 106 Cases , 1983, Foot & ankle.

[20]  R. L. Linscheid,et al.  Ligamentous structures of the metacarpophalangeal joint: A quantitative anatomic study , 1984, Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society.

[21]  S. Woo,et al.  Mechanical properties of tendons and ligaments. I. Quasi-static and nonlinear viscoelastic properties. , 1982, Biorheology.

[22]  S ZITZLSPERGER,et al.  The mechanics of the foot based on the concept of the skeleton as a statically indetermined space framework. , 1960, Clinical orthopaedics.