Integration of Multivariate Gaussian Mixture Model for Enhanced PAM-4 Decoding Employing Basis Expansion

For the first time, we introduced Gaussian-mixture-model (GMM) and basis expansion in the PAM-4 decoder after equalization to estimate and eliminate residual linear/nonlinear impairments. With 100-Gbps testbed, we experimentally demonstrated 1 to 1.5-dB sensitivity improvement.