Surfactant Systems for EOR in High-Temperature, High-salinity Environments

This paper (SPE 129675) was accepted for presentation at the SPE Symposium on Improved Oil Recovery, Tulsa, 24–28 April 2010, and revised for publication. Original manuscript received for review 1 April 2010. Revised manuscript received for review 14 January 2011. Paper peer approved 17 January 2011. Summary A systematic study was made of phase behavior of alkoxyglycidylether sulfonates (AGESs). These surfactants were screened with either NaCl-only brines or NaCl-only brines and n-octane at water/ oil ratio (WOR) ~1 for temperatures between approximately 85 and 120°C. All test cases were free of alcohols and other cosolvents. Classical Winsor phase behavior was observed in most scans, with optimal salinities ranging from less than 1% NaCl to more than 20% NaCl for AGESs with suitable combinations of hydrophobe and alkoxy chain type [ethylene oxide (EO) or propylene oxide (PO)] and chain length. Oil solubilization was high, indicating that ultralow interfacial tensions existed near optimal conditions. The test results for 120°C at WOR~1 have been summarized in a map, which might provide a useful guide for initial selection of such surfactants for EOR processes. Saline solutions of AGESs separate at elevated temperatures into two liquid phases (the cloudpoint phenomenon), which may be problematic when they are injected into high-temperature reservoirs. An example is provided that indicates that this situation can be alleviated by blending suitable AGES and internal olefin sulfonate (IOS) surfactants. Synergy between the two types of surfactant resulted in transparent, single-phase aqueous solutions for some blends, but not for the individual surfactants, over a range of conditions including in synthetic seawater. Such blends are promising because both AGES and IOS surfactants have structural features that can be adjusted during manufacture to give a range of properties to suit reservoir conditions (temperature, salinity, and crude-oil type).

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