VRML animated model watermarking scheme using geometry and interpolator nodes

Abstract Distinct from image and video watermarking, a watermarking scheme for 3D animation content is required in the 3D industry market for various applications. This paper develops a watermarking scheme for copyright protection and authentication of 3D animation content. A 3D animated model generally has a hierarchical structure with a number of transform nodes of a geometry node and an interpolator node for the timeline in contrast to a 3D polygon mesh model. The proposed scheme embeds not only a robust watermark into the geometry node for copyright protection but also a fragile watermark into the position and orientation interpolators for content authentication. We named the former “robust geometry watermarking” and the latter “fragile interpolator watermarking”. The proposed scheme performs the two watermarking schemes independently to realize simultaneously robust and fragile watermarked 3D animated model. Experimental results confirm that a watermark embedded by geometry watermarking robust to many attacks from commercial 3D editing tools while a watermark embedded by interpolator watermarking fragile to the same attacks.

[1]  Ki-Ryong Kwon,et al.  Mesh watermarking based projection onto two convex sets , 2008, Multimedia Systems.

[2]  Din-Chang Tseng,et al.  Affine-Transformation-Invariant Public Fragile Watermarking for 3D Model Authentication , 2009, IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications.

[3]  Ki-Ryong Kwon,et al.  3D GIS vector map watermarking using geometric distribution , 2009, 2009 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo.

[4]  Ryutarou Ohbuchi,et al.  Watermarking 3D Polygonal Meshes in the Mesh Spectral Domain , 2001, Graphics Interface.

[5]  Ki-Ryong Kwon,et al.  3D Keyframe Animation Watermarking Based on Orientation Interpolator , 2007, IEICE Trans. Inf. Syst..

[6]  T. Ebrahimi,et al.  Watermarked 3-D Mesh Quality Assessment , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Multimedia.

[7]  Ki-Ryong Kwon,et al.  CAD drawing watermarking scheme , 2010, Digit. Signal Process..

[8]  Ryutarou Ohbuchi,et al.  Robust watermarking of vector digital maps , 2002, Proceedings. IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo.

[9]  S. Kanai,et al.  Digital Watermarking for 3D Polygons using Multiresolution Wavelet Decomposition , 1998 .

[10]  N.D. Georganas,et al.  A MPEG-4 XMT algorithm for scene structure authentication and content location , 2004, Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering 2004 (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37513).

[11]  Ki-Ryong Kwon,et al.  A watermarking for 3D mesh using the patch CEGIs , 2007, Digit. Signal Process..

[12]  Ja-Chen Lin,et al.  Fragile watermarking for authenticating 3-D polygonal meshes , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Multimedia.

[13]  Hiroshi Masuda,et al.  Watermarking three-dimensional polygonal models through geometric and topological modifications , 1998, IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun..

[14]  Din-Chang Tseng,et al.  A public fragile watermarking scheme for 3D model authentication , 2006, Comput. Aided Des..

[15]  Peter Eisert,et al.  Digital watermarking of MPEG-4 facial animation parameters , 1998, Comput. Graph..

[16]  Rémy Prost,et al.  A Blind Watermarking for 3-D Dynamic Mesh Model Using Distribution of Temporal Wavelet Coefficients , 2006, MRCS.

[17]  Nam Ik Cho,et al.  Watermarking Algorithms for 3D NURBS Graphic Data , 2004, EURASIP J. Adv. Signal Process..

[18]  James D. K. Kim,et al.  Interpolator data compression for MPEG-4 animation , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology.

[19]  Byungki Cha,et al.  3D Animation Watermarking Using PositionInterpolator , 2006, MRCS.

[20]  Donald P. Brutzman,et al.  The virtual reality modeling language and Java , 1998, CACM.

[21]  Boon-Lock Yeo,et al.  Watermarking 3D Objects for Verification , 1999, IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications.

[22]  Hiroshi Masuda,et al.  A shape-preserving data embedding algorithm for NURBS curves and surfaces , 1999, 1999 Proceedings Computer Graphics International.

[23]  Michael G. Strintzis,et al.  Blind Robust 3-D Mesh Watermarking Based on Oblate Spheroidal Harmonics , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Multimedia.

[24]  Touradj Ebrahimi,et al.  Objective evaluation of the perceptual quality of 3D watermarking , 2005, IEEE International Conference on Image Processing 2005.

[25]  Frederick C. Harris,et al.  Robust watermarking of 3D skinning mesh animations , 2008, 2008 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing.

[26]  Jun-Hai Yong,et al.  A numerically stable fragile watermarking scheme for authenticating 3D models , 2008, Comput. Aided Des..

[27]  Touradj Ebrahimi,et al.  MESH: measuring errors between surfaces using the Hausdorff distance , 2002, Proceedings. IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo.

[28]  Nicolas D. Georganas,et al.  Robust content-based MPEG-4 XMT scene structure authentication and multimedia content location , 2007, TOMCCAP.

[29]  Adam Finkelstein,et al.  Robust mesh watermarking , 1999, SIGGRAPH.

[30]  Oliver Benedens,et al.  Geometry-Based Watermarking of 3D Models , 1999, IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications.

[31]  Anastasios Tefas,et al.  Blind robust watermarking schemes for copyright protection of 3D mesh objects , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics.

[32]  Hiroshi Nagahashi,et al.  A Method for Watermarking to Bezier Polynomial Surface Models , 2004, IEICE Trans. Inf. Syst..