Periodontal tissue regeneration with adipose-derived stem cells.

A number of surgical techniques have been developed to promote periodontal tissue regeneration. Bone marrow-derived stem cells have also been shown to promote periodontal tissue regeneration. In this study, we sought to determine whether adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) can promote periodontal tissue regeneration as well. ASCs were isolated from a Wistar rat, passaged twice, mixed with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) obtained from inbred rats, and implanted into the periodontal tissue defect that had been generated in the test rats. Tissue specimens were harvested after 2, 4, and 8 weeks for histological analysis. Rats that received PRP only or were not implanted served as controls. A small amount of alveolar bone regeneration was observed 2 and 4 weeks after ASC/PRP implantation. Moreover, 8 weeks after implantation, a periodontal ligament-like structure was observed along with alveolar bone. These observations suggest that ASCs can promote periodontal tissue regeneration in vivo. Because large amounts of human lipoaspirates are readily available, and their procurement induces only low morbidity, ASCs may be useful in future clinical cell-based therapy for periodontal disease.

[1]  K. Yamazaki.  [Periodontitis and tissue regeneration]. , 2005, Nihon Hotetsu Shika Gakkai Zasshi.

[2]  R. Green.  Four moral questions for human embryonic stem cell research , 2001, Wound repair and regeneration : official publication of the Wound Healing Society [and] the European Tissue Repair Society.

[3]  T. Tözüm,et al.  Platelet-rich plasma: a promising innovation in dentistry. , 2003, Journal.

[4]  Takashi Takata,et al.  Enhancement of periodontal tissue regeneration by transplantation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. , 2004, Journal of periodontology.

[5]  F. Stang,et al.  Peripheral nerve tissue engineering: autologous Schwann cells vs. transdifferentiated mesenchymal stem cells. , 2006, Tissue engineering.

[6]  H. Lorenz,et al.  Chondrogenic Potential of Multipotential Cells from Human Adipose Tissue , 2004, Plastic and reconstructive surgery.

[7]  B. Larson,et al.  Adult stem cells from bone marrow (MSCs) isolated from different strains of inbred mice vary in surface epitopes, rates of proliferation, and differentiation potential. , 2004, Blood.

[8]  J. Wiltfang,et al.  De novo bone formation using bovine collagen and platelet-rich plasma. , 2004, Biomaterials.

[9]  T. Karring,et al.  Healing of human intrabony defects following treatment with enamel matrix proteins or guided tissue regeneration. , 1999, Journal of periodontal research.

[10]  Jörg Fiedler,et al.  BMP‐2, BMP‐4, and PDGF‐bb stimulate chemotactic migration of primary human mesenchymal progenitor cells , 2002, Journal of cellular biochemistry.

[11]  R. Genco,et al.  Periodontal regeneration in class III furcation defects of beagle dogs using guided tissue regenerative therapy with platelet-derived growth factor. , 1995, Journal of periodontology.

[12]  M. Pittenger,et al.  Multilineage potential of adult human mesenchymal stem cells. , 1999, Science.

[13]  J. Vacanti,et al.  Tissue engineering. , 1993, Science.

[14]  M. Migita,et al.  Adipogenic differentiation by adipose-derived stem cells harvested from GFP transgenic mice-including relationship of sex differences. , 2004, Biochemical and biophysical research communications.

[15]  M. Ueda,et al.  Tissue-engineered injectable bone regeneration for osseointegrated dental implants. , 2004, Clinical oral implants research.

[16]  C. B. Cohen,et al.  Ethical issues in embryonic stem cell research. , 2001, JAMA.

[17]  J. Lindhe,et al.  The effect of flap management and bioresorbable occlusive devices in GTR treatment of degree III furcation defects. An experimental study in dogs. , 1995, Journal of clinical periodontology.

[18]  Newell W Johnson,et al.  Periodontal diseases. , 2005, Lancet.

[19]  L. Hammarström.  Enamel matrix, cementum development and regeneration. , 1997, Journal of clinical periodontology.

[20]  H. Lorenz,et al.  In vitro differentiation of human processed lipoaspirate cells into early neural progenitors. , 2003, Plastic and reconstructive surgery.

[21]  L. Claes,et al.  Bone formation in a long bone defect model using a platelet-rich plasma-loaded collagen scaffold. , 2006, Biomaterials.

[22]  E. Anitua.  Plasma rich in growth factors: preliminary results of use in the preparation of future sites for implants. , 1999, The International journal of oral & maxillofacial implants.

[23]  H. Lorenz,et al.  Multilineage cells from human adipose tissue: implications for cell-based therapies. , 2001, Tissue engineering.

[24]  T. Nakahara.  A review of new developments in tissue engineering therapy for periodontitis. , 2006, Dental clinics of North America.

[25]  T. Gómez-Cía,et al.  Combined fibula osteoseptocutaneous-lateral supramalleolar flap for reconstruction of composite mandibular defects. , 2003, Plastic and reconstructive surgery.

[26]  S. Lynch,et al.  Clinical, radiographic, and histologic evaluation of human periodontal defects treated with Bio-Oss and Bio-Gide. , 1998, The International journal of periodontics & restorative dentistry.

[27]  Hidemi Kurihara,et al.  Behavior of transplanted bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in periodontal defects. , 2006, Journal of periodontology.

[28]  T. Karring,et al.  The regenerative potential of the periodontal ligament. An experimental study in the monkey. , 1982, Journal of clinical periodontology.

[29]  Va Boston.  Collagen-GAG Scaffolds Grafted Onto Myocardial Infarcts in a Rat Model:A Delivery Vehicle for Mesenchymal Stem Cells , 2005 .

[30]  T. Karring,et al.  New attachment following surgical treatment of human periodontal disease. , 1982, Journal of clinical periodontology.

[31]  B. Gantes,et al.  Treatment of periodontal furcation defects. (II). Bone regeneration in mandibular class II defects. , 1988, Journal of clinical periodontology.

[32]  L. Hammarström,et al.  Periodontal regeneration in a buccal dehiscence model in monkeys after application of enamel matrix proteins. , 1997, Journal of clinical periodontology.

[33]  A. Polson,et al.  Fibrin linkage: a precursor for new attachment. , 1983, Journal of periodontology.

[34]  R. Marx,et al.  Platelet-rich plasma: Growth factor enhancement for bone grafts. , 1998, Oral surgery, oral medicine, oral pathology, oral radiology, and endodontics.

[35]  S. Cook.  Preclinical and clinical evaluation of osteogenic protein-1 (BMP-7) in bony sites. , 1999, Orthopedics.

[36]  M. Ueda,et al.  A novel approach to periodontal tissue regeneration with mesenchymal stem cells and platelet-rich plasma using tissue engineering technology: A clinical case report. , 2006, The International journal of periodontics & restorative dentistry.

[37]  S. Kikuchi.  [Experimental study of periodontal tissue regeneration after the application of enamel matrix derivative in rat periodontal defects]. , 2001, Kokubyo Gakkai zasshi. The Journal of the Stomatological Society, Japan.

[38]  Min Zhu,et al.  Human adipose tissue is a source of multipotent stem cells. , 2002, Molecular biology of the cell.

[39]  A. Mitani,et al.  [The mechanism of bone resorption in chronic inflammation of periodontal disease]. , 2006, Clinical calcium.

[40]  R. Dresser.  Ethical issues in embryonic stem cell research. , 2001, JAMA.

[41]  M. Hedrick,et al.  Myogenic Differentiation by Human Processed Lipoaspirate Cells , 2002, Plastic and reconstructive surgery.

[42]  A. Wood.  Ethics and embryonic stem cell research , 2005, Stem Cell Reviews.