In Situ Instrumentation

NeedS aNd ChalleNGeS Ocean-observing systems are changing the way ocean science is accomplished. No longer is ocean science limited to observations made by ships, whose scheduling and expense often constrain research to short forays that result in data streams limited in space and time. Such observations have been described as being “frozen in the invisible present,” offering thin slices of the ocean record that often miss processes that function on multiple spatial (e.g., boundary current, eddy, gyre, ocean basin) and tem-